Fix: [AzurePipelines] switch the CI / CD to CMake too

This also means dropping Debian/jessie, as it has a CMake that is
too old (3.0), with no real path to upgrade.

Fix: [AzurePipeline] ${Agent.JobName} content changed (#7556)

* Fix: [AzurePipeline] ${Agent.JobName} content changed

* Fix: [AzurePipeline] also update commit-checker condition

Add: [AzurePipeline] introducing a release pipeline

This release pipeline creates all the official release binaries,
and publishes them as artifacts. Currently it can only produce
nightlies and custom builds; stable/testing release binaries are
untested.

This commit also splits up the pipeline in small bits, to both
improve readability, and to share code with the CI pipeline where
possible.