Codechange: Add base() method to StrongType to allow access to the base type without casting. (#11445)

This removes the ability to explicitly cast to the base type, but the requirement
to use .base() means the conversion is still explicit.

Codechange: automatic adding of _t to (u)int types, and WChar to char32_t

for i in `find src -type f|grep -v 3rdparty/fmt|grep -v 3rdparty/catch2|grep -v 3rdparty/opengl|grep -v stdafx.h`; do sed 's/uint16& /uint16 \&/g;s/int8\([ >*),;[]\)/int8_t\1/g;s/int16\([ >*),;[]\)/int16_t\1/g;s/int32\([ >*),;[]\)/int32_t\1/g;s/int64\([ >*),;[]\)/int64_t\1/g;s/ uint32(/ uint32_t(/g;s/_uint8_t/_uint8/;s/Uint8_t/Uint8/;s/ft_int64_t/ft_int64/g;s/uint64$/uint64_t/;s/WChar/char32_t/g;s/char32_t char32_t/char32_t WChar/' -i $i; done

Codechange: pass large objects by reference instead of value

Especially when they get passed on directly to the next function or via a
constructor into an instance variable

Codechange: split settings.ini over several files (#9421)

This reduced the load on compilers, as currently for example MacOS
doesn't like the huge settings-tables.

Additionally, nobody can find settings, as the list is massive and
unordered. By splitting it, it becomes a little bit more sensible.

Fix #9386: compilers failing to compile with LTO by using variants instead of new + unique_ptr

With std::variant all memory can be figured out at compile time, so the compiler needs to keep track of fewer elements. It also saves out a unique_ptr and its memory management, over a slight impact for resolving a setting.

Codechange: use C-style strings instread of std::string in the SettingDesc constructor

This as using std::string causes much more variables to be tracked, potentially causing problemes for certain compilers in certain situations

Codechange: merge guiflags and flags in settings .ini files

It was rather confusing which one was for what, especially as some
SaveLoad flags were settings-only. Clean up this mess a bit by
having only Setting flags.

Codechange: rename SettingGuiFlag to SettingFlag (#9332)

It is a lovely organicly grown enum, where it started off with
GUI-only flags, and after that a few flags got added that can be
considered GUI-only (the GUI disables/enables based on them), to
only have flags added that has nothing to do with the GUI.

So be less confusing, and rename them to what they do.

Additionally, I took this opportunity to rename 0ISDISABLED to
reflect what it really does.

Codechange: use setting name instead of index for CmdChange(Company)Setting (#9306)

This is mostly done as there are now constraints on settings.ini you might not
expected. For example, conditional settings always have to come last, as otherwise
they would influence the index.

Codechange: move bits of SettingDesc down to the appropriate sub classes

And by doing so remove the hack where ints were put into pointers so "def" could either be an int or a string

Codechange: use initializer_lists for the settings tables

Not using vectors as those require copying from the initializer list and that
makes unique_ptrs to the actual SettingDesc objects later impossible.

Cleanup: remove and/or fix some confusing comments

The comments for SettingDescType; it is a byte, so not 4 bytes and since it is not a flag there are about 250 other possibilities left instead of 9.
SettingGuiFlag is uint16 so has 2 bytes allocated.
SettingDescGlobVarList and related comments imply that global vars cannot be used elsewhere, but they are used for settings just fine. Even then the type is not used anywhere else but the definition of the table.

Feature: setting to indicate snow coverage for arctic climate (replaces snow line height)

Setting the snow coverage (in % of the map) makes a lot more sense
to the human, while still allowing the niche player to set (by
finding the correct %) a snow line height they like. This makes for
easier defaults, as it decoupled terrain height from amount of snow.

Maps can never be 100% snow, as we do not have sprites for coastal
tiles.

Internally, this calculates the best snow line height to approach
this coverage as close as possible.

(svn r13256) -Codechange: merge the OPTS and PATS chuncks.
-Codechange: split the diff_custom variable.
-Feature: allow changing some of the diff_custom variables via the console in network games.

(svn r13251) -Codechange: rename _patches to _settings as that is more logic.
-Codechange: move all Settings into substructs of _settings in a way that they are logically grouped.