Codechange: automatic adding of _t to (u)int types, and WChar to char32_t

for i in `find src -type f|grep -v 3rdparty/fmt|grep -v 3rdparty/catch2|grep -v 3rdparty/opengl|grep -v stdafx.h`; do sed 's/uint16& /uint16 \&/g;s/int8\([ >*),;[]\)/int8_t\1/g;s/int16\([ >*),;[]\)/int16_t\1/g;s/int32\([ >*),;[]\)/int32_t\1/g;s/int64\([ >*),;[]\)/int64_t\1/g;s/ uint32(/ uint32_t(/g;s/_uint8_t/_uint8/;s/Uint8_t/Uint8/;s/ft_int64_t/ft_int64/g;s/uint64$/uint64_t/;s/WChar/char32_t/g;s/char32_t char32_t/char32_t WChar/' -i $i; done

Codechange: remove queue_wrap / last_position from mouse movement

No backend uses it anymore, so also no longer any need to support
it.

Fix: [SDL] unify the way X11 and Wayland handle mouse events

Basically, we drop RelativeMode completely, and use the same trick
as used by the Windows driver: read all motion events till the last
one, and use that as value.

Codechange: use _cur_palette the same in all the drivers

It was a bit of a mixed bag. With this change, gfx.cpp is in
control who accesses _cur_palette from the video-drivers.

Add: [Video] move GameLoop into its own thread

This allows drawing to happen while the GameLoop is doing an
iteration too.

Sadly, not much drawing currently can be done while the GameLoop
is running, as for example PollEvent() or UpdateWindows() can
influence the game-state. As such, they first need to acquire a
lock on the game-state before they can be called.

Currently, the main advantage is the time spend in Paint(), which
for non-OpenGL drivers can be a few milliseconds. For OpenGL this
is more like 0.05 milliseconds; in these instances this change
doesn't add any benefits for now.

This is an alternative to the former "draw-thread", which moved
the drawing in a thread for some OSes. It has similar performance
gain as this does, although this implementation allows for more
finer control over what suffers when the GameLoop takes too
long: drawing or the next GameLoop. For now they both suffer
equally.

Remove: [Video] no longer draw in a thread

Drawing in a thread is a bit odd, and often leads to surprising
issues. For example, OpenGL would only allow it if you move the
full context to the thread. Which is not always easily done on
all OSes.
In general, the advise is to handle system events and drawing
from the main thread, and do everything else in other threads.
So, let's be more like other games.

Additionally, putting the drawing routine in a thread was only
done for a few targets.

Upcoming commit will move the GameLoop in a thread, which will
work for all targets.

Fix #8784: using alt+enter didn't update the fullscreen toggle visibly (#8820)

Basically, the window was not invalidated, so it was never redrawn.
This made it look like it wasn't working, but it really was.

Add: settings to limit your fast-forward game speed

By default this setting is set to 2500% normal game speed.

Codechange: [Video] make the prototype of PollEvent() the same for all drivers

Additionally, call it from the draw-tick.

Codechange: deduplicate tick-handlers of all video drivers

They were all identical, so better put this in a single place
hoping it is less likely to break.

Codechange: be consistent in what CheckPaletteAnim() does and when it is called

Additionally, make sure this is a class method. Later commits
will make use of this.

Codechange: be consistent in naming the paint function Paint()

Also move this function to be a class member. This to allow
further deduplicating of code in a later commit.

Fix: during switching of game-mode, drawing could show closed windows that shouldn't be closed yet

The higher your refresh-rate, the more likely this is. Mostly you
notice this when creating a new game or when abandoning a game.

This is a bit of a hack to keep the old behaviour, as before this
patch the game was already freezing your mouse while it was changing
game-mode, and it does this too after this patch. Just now it
freezes too a few frames earlier, to prevent not drawing windows
people still expect to see.

Feature: configurable refresh-rate and change default to 60fps

Most modern games run on 60 fps, and for good reason. This gives
a much smoother experiences.

As some people have monitors that can do 144Hz or even 240Hz, allow
people to configure the refresh rate. Of course, the higher you
set the value, the more time the game spends on drawing pixels
instead of simulating the game, which has an effect on simulation
speed.

The simulation will still always run at 33.33 fps, and is not
influences by this setting.

Change: sleep till the next tick in the main loop

Sleep for 1ms (which is always (a lot) more than 1ms) is just
randomly guessing and hoping you hit your deadline, give or take.

But given we can calculate when our next frame is happening, we
can just sleep for that exact amount. As these values are often
a bit larger, it is also more likely the OS can schedule us back
in close to our requested target. This means it is more likely we
hit our deadlines, which makes the FPS a lot more stable.

Change: allow video-drivers to miss deadlines slightly

Before, every next frame was calculated from the current time.
If for some reason the current frame was drifting a bit, the
next would too, and the next more, etc etc. This meant we rarely
hit the targets we would like, like 33.33fps.

Instead, allow video-drivers to drift slightly, and schedule the
next frame based on the time the last should have happened. Only
if the drift gets too much, that deadlines are missed for longer
period of times, schedule the next frame based on the current
time.

This makes the FPS a lot smoother, as sleeps aren't as exact as
you might think.

Add: draw the screen at a steady pace, also during fast-forward

During fast-forward, the game was drawing as fast as it could. This
means that the fast-forward was limited also by how fast we could
draw, something that people in general don't expect.

To give an extreme case, if you are fully zoomed out on a busy
map, fast-forward would be mostly limited because of the time it
takes to draw the screen.

By decoupling the draw-tick and game-tick, we can keep the pace
of the draw-tick the same while speeding up the game-tick. To use
the extreme case as example again, if you are fully zoomed out
now, the screen only redraws 33.33 times per second, fast-forwarding
or not. This means fast-forward is much more likely to go at the
same speed, no matter what you are looking at.

Codechange: track _realtime_tick more accurate

_realtime_tick was reset every time the diff was calculated. This
means if it would trigger, say, every N.9 milliseconds, it would
after two iterations already drift a millisecond. This adds up
pretty quick.

Codechange: switch all video drivers to std::chrono for keeping time

On all OSes we tested the std::chrono::steady_clock is of a high
enough resolution to do millisecond measurements, which is all we
need.

By accident, this fixes a Win32 driver bug, where we would never
hit our targets, as the resolution of the clock was too low to
do accurate millisecond measurements with (it was ~16ms resolution
instead).

Codechange: Replace custom thread code with C++11 thread objects.

We assume a conforming C++11 compiler environment that has a valid <thread>-header.
Failure to run a real thread is handled gracefully.

Codechange: Replace custom mutex code with C++11 mutex'es.

A conforming compiler with a valid <mutex>-header is expected.
Most parts of the code assume that locking a mutex will never fail unexpectedly,
which is generally true on all common platforms that don't just pretend to
be C++11. The use of condition variables in driver code is checked.

Remove: BeOS support (deprecated by Haiku)

In 10 years there is no commit to change how BeOS works, and we
have no active maintainer for it. It is unlikely it works in its
current state (but not impossible).

With the arrival of SDL2 (and removal of SDL), BeOS is no longer
support. SDL2 suggests to use Haiku instead of BeOS.

Remove: MorphOS / AmigaOS support

In 10 years there is no commit to change how MorphOS works, and we
have no active maintainer for it. It is unlikely it works in its
current state (but not impossible).

With the arrival of SDL2 (and removal of SDL), MorphOS is no longer
support. There is an SDL2 port for MorphOS, but it is not maintained
by upstream SDL2, and nobody can currently test it out.

If anyone wants to re-add MorphOS, please do (revert this patch,
fix the problems, and create a Pull Request). If you need any help
doing so, let us know! It is not that we don't like MorphOS, it is
that we don't have anyone fixing the problems :(

Feature: Framerate display window (#6822)

Frame rate and various game loop/graphics timing measurements and graphs. Accessible via the Help menu, and can print some stats in the console via the fps command.

(svn r27774) -Fix [FS#5889]: Enabling palette animation for 32bpp blitters while paused skipped initialisation of the palette and resulted in black windows.
-Revert (r23978): No SDL-specific fix required anymore. The new fix applies to all backends.

(svn r26522) -Add: A config-file-only setting to disable usage of 8bpp video modes.
-Remove: [win32] fullscreen_bpp setting, which is replaced by above setting.
-Change: Disable usage of 8bpp blitters and video modes by default. Many modern OS and hardware cause issues with those.

(svn r25003) -Fix (r24993): [SDL] Keep a flag to remember if a hardware palette was requested.
- Previously, the code would query the SDL_HWPALETTE flag, which doesn't always match the requested value.
- This would cause SDL to be restarted on every window resize event, effectively breaking resizing.

(svn r24993) -Fix: [SDL] Improve 8bpp hardware palette support. Instead of always requesting SDL_HWPALETTE, it is now only done for 8bp blitters in fullscreen mode.
- This fixes 32bpp blitters on 8bpp X11, which would only render garbage with SDL_HWPALETTE.
- This prevents the colors of other applications from being messed up when running a 8bpp blitter on a 8bpp system.
- When running a 8bpp blitter on an 8bpp system without SDL_HWPALETTE (e.g., in windowed mode), this uses a new shadow surface with color approximation.
- The use of a hardware palette can be forced on and off using -v sdl:hw_palette=1 or -v sdl:hw_palette=0

(svn r23910) -Fix: [SDL] Handle the SDL_VIDEOEXPOSE event.
- It seems this event is never triggered when using 1.2 (it has some
autorefresh feature which seems to have been removed in 1.3), but in theory
this event could also trigger on 1.2.
- Note that this fixes redraw issues when compiling against SDL 1.3, but it
still uses the "compatibility" rendering API using SDL_SetVideoMode and
SDL_UpdateRects. Eventually (when 1.3 is stable and released as 2.0), this
should probably be rewritting to use the new Windows and Renderers
available in SDL 1.3.

(svn r17776) -Codechange: [SDL] make "update the video card"-process asynchronious. Profiling with gprof etc. hasn't shown us that DrawSurfaceToScreen takes a significant amount of CPU; only using TIC/TOC it became apparant that it was a heavy CPU-cycle user or that it was waiting for something.
The benefit of making this function asynchronious ranges from 2%-25% (real time) during fast forward on dual core/hyperthreading-enabled CPUs; 8bpp improvements are, in my test cases, significantly smaller than 32bpp improvements.
On single core non-hyperthreading-enabled CPUs the extra locking/scheduling costs up to 1% extra realtime in fast forward. You can use -v sdl:no_threads to disable threading and undo this loss.
During normal non-fast-forwarded games the benefit/costs are negligable except when the gameloop takes more than about 90% of the time of a tick.
Note that allegro's performance does not improve with this system, likely due to their way of getting data to the video card. It is not implemented for the OS X/Windows video backends, unless (ofcourse) SDL is used there.
Funny is that the performance of the 32bpp(-anim) blitter is, at least in some test cases, significantly faster (more than 10%) than the 8bpp(-optimized) blitter when looking at real time in fast forward on a dual core CPU; it was slower.
The idea comes from a paper/report by Idar Borlaug and Knut Imar Hagen.