Codechange: Rename and move SpriteGroup-specific cargo types into a namespace.

These 'cargo types' have special defined uses and must not be used elsewhere. This makes it clearer that they are special.

Codechange: Redefine some cargo-related values in terms of CargoID instead of CargoType.

Values used as special filter types are now defined as offsets from NUM_CARGO instead of confusingly reusing CARGO_NO_REFIT/CARGO_AUTO_REFIT types.

Codechange: Split CT_INVALID into CT_INVALID and INVALID_CARGO.

INVALID_CARGO is a CargoID and should be used for most purposes in game.
CT_INVALID is a CargoType used for defining default properties.

Update: Translations from eints
english (au): 7 changes by krysclarke
english (us): 7 changes by 2TallTyler
chinese (simplified): 6 changes by WenSimEHRP
serbian: 39 changes by DoLoop216
russian: 3 changes by Ln-Wolf
finnish: 4 changes by hpiirai
portuguese: 10 changes by azulcosta
polish: 34 changes by pAter-exe

Update: Translations from eints
english (au): 3 changes by krysclarke
english (us): 3 changes by 2TallTyler
chinese (simplified): 5 changes by WenSimEHRP
korean: 3 changes by telk5093
russian: 3 changes by Ln-Wolf
finnish: 3 changes by hpiirai
french: 5 changes by Lishouuu

Update: Translations from eints
english (us): 2 changes by 2TallTyler
korean: 2 changes by telk5093
danish: 2 changes by bscargo

Update: Translations from eints
chinese (simplified): 103 changes by WenSimEHRP
latvian: 2 changes by lexuslatvia

Codechange: Use CompanyMask to pass Companies to PopupMainCompanyToolbMenu().

It's like the type was designed for it.

Codechange: Use company group statistics to test for vehicles for drop down list state.

This avoids iterating full the vehicle pool to find out if a company has any vehicles of a particular type.

Fix #10511: Delay 'go to nearest depot' orders (#11548)

Delay the nearest depot order search for a day if the vehicle can't find its destination, which happens when it has already attempted to do so and failed to find a valid destination.

Codechange: Use CompanyMask and company group statistics for auto clean tests. (#11693)

This function does not need to know how many vehicles there are, only that there is at least one.

Codechange: Build station and depot vehicle lists from shared order lists. (#11676)

The brings some performance advantages:

* No need to iterate all vehicles and check for primary vehicle as only vehicles that can have orders are listed.
* Shared orders only need to be tested once instead of for each vehicle sharing them.
* Vehicle tests only need to be performed on the first shared vehicle instead of all.

Fix: race-condition when quitting the game with libcurl (#11688)

There could be a callback in _new_http_callbacks that is not
processed yet. All callbacks in _http_callbacks were cancelled,
but not the ones in _new_http_callbacks

Update: Translations from eints
english (au): 2 changes by krysclarke
chinese (simplified): 6 changes by WenSimEHRP
russian: 2 changes by Ln-Wolf
finnish: 2 changes by hpiirai
dutch: 6 changes by Afoklala
portuguese: 5 changes by azulcosta
portuguese (brazilian): 2 changes by ericandradex
polish: 4 changes by pAter-exe

Codechange: Get count of road vehicles by summing company group statistics data in small UFO handler. (#11690)

This avoids needing to iterate the complete vehicle pool. Company group statistics are maintained elsewhere already.

The vehicle pool is still iterated later to find the nth random road vehicle.

Fix: Pass townnameparts as parameter when testing townname based companyname. (#11685)

Length of returned string could vary and pass/fail the length check with a different
string than the final selection.

Change: Don't handle 'missing' string parameters as 0. (#11673)

If not enough parameters are supplied for a string, then a value of 0 was used, which could result in incorrect information being displayed.

Instead, throw an exception and include an error in the string.

Update: Translations from eints
english (us): 2 changes by 2TallTyler
chinese (simplified): 39 changes by WenSimEHRP
polish: 29 changes by pAter-exe

Codechange: No longer advance parent offset in StringParameters parent mode

Add method to manually advance offset

Update: replace the cedilla characters with comma ones for Romanian (#11665)

This is specifically for s-cedilla and t-cedilla to their comma variants.
These variants, especially in smaller font sizes, look almost identical but
they are different. Currently the translation uses a mix of the cedilla and
comma variants, where the cedilla ones are often in the older strings.

Replace reinnoi with innoi, as it is the correct form.

Update: Translations from eints
latvian: 2 changes by lexuslatvia
portuguese (brazilian): 1 change by pasantoro

Codechange: Use vehicle viewport hash to find clicked vehicle. (#11675)

This avoids having to iterate all vehicles, which can be an performance improvement when there are many vehicles.

Update: Translations from eints
latvian: 8 changes by lexuslatvia
polish: 1 change by pAter-exe

Update: Translations from eints
english (us): 11 changes by 2TallTyler
korean: 29 changes by telk5093

Fix #11644: Off by one error/buffer over-read in StrMakeValid (#11645)

* Fix #11644: Off by one error in StrMakeValid UTF-8 decode overrun detection

* Fix #11644: Off by one error in StrMakeValid buffer last character

* Fix: Unnecessary string duplication at StrMakeValid call sites

Update: Translations from eints
galician: 13 changes by Xocko12
catalan: 47 changes by J0anJosep
latvian: 14 changes by lexuslatvia
french: 11 changes by ottdfevr
portuguese: 52 changes by azulcosta

Fix: Calculation of initial engine age was inaccurate. (#11660)

Engine age in months was calculated as the difference in days / 32, instead of the actually difference in months. This would result in engines being artificially younger if a game was started at a later date.

Codechange: Use vector/unique_ptr inside widget containers.

This replaces a C-style double-linked-list which required all widgets
to have next/prev pointers, and removes the need for manual pointer management.

Codechange: Add GetParentWidget() to widgets.

This allows to get parent widgets in the nested tree from bottom-up.

Codechange: Make widget index const to prevent changes. (#11658)

This guards against future widget index manipulation.

Update: Translations from eints
russian: 11 changes by lexuslatvia
finnish: 12 changes by hpiirai
latvian: 217 changes by lexuslatvia

Fix #11655: Crash due to NWidgetMatrix modifying widget->index. (#11657)

NWidgetMatrix modifies its child widget's index to indicate which element
is to be drawn, which now causes issues with code that does not know about
stuffing extra data into the index.

Instead, let NWidgetMatrix store the currently processing element, and
retrieve this information from the matrix widget while child widgets are
being drawn.

This means only widgets that are children of NWidgetMatrix need to know
anything about their extra data.

Change: add vcpkg.json to instruct vcpkg what dependencies we require

This works on all OSes, making it far simpler for any developer
to jump in. Just install vcpkg, run "vcpkg install" in our root,
and you have all the dependencies.

Fix #11649: Ignore disabling a widget that does not exist. (#11652)

Orders window has different widget layouts depending on vehicle type
which don't all have the same widgets, and therefore it tries to disable
widgets that might not exist.

Restore the old behaviour of ignoring such requests, instead of crashing.

Codechange: Replace mishmash of types for widget index with WidgetID.

Indices were stored as int, but often passed around as uint/uint8_t and casts.

Now they should all use WidgetID.

Fix #11643: Empty area at top of survey preview. (#11647)

Empty area at the top of some textfile windows due to calling
SetDisplayedPlane() after calling FinishInitNested(), and/or changing
the displayed plane and not calling ReInit() after.

This was previously hidden by CheckForMissingGlyphs() reinitialising
all windows anyway.

Codechange: Use std::map to provide indexed widget access.

This removes the need to determine the biggest widget index and replaces C-style memory handling.

Codechange: Rename nested array to widget lookup.

This changes from naming storage-type to naming functionality.

* `FillNestedArray` is renamed to `FillWidgetLookup`.
* `Window::nested_array` is renamed to `Window::widget_lookup`.
* `array` parameter renamed as well.

Update: Translations from eints
danish: 3 changes by bscargo
dutch: 10 changes by Afoklala

Codechange: Remove deferred nested_array initialization path. (#11640)

Having two ways (`FillNestedArray` and `SetupSmallestSize`) to initialize
`Window::nested_array` introduces confusion.

Instead, make `FillNestedArray` the canonical way, always call it, and remove
init_array from `SetupSmallestSize`.

Fix: Changing default livery did not propagate to group liveries.

#11614 attempted to address this but did not handle 2CC properly, and changes to the default livery were not handled.

Fix #11629: AirportGetNearestTown for rotated airports (#11631)

Add rotation parameter to AirportGetNearestTown
Add wrapper for existing stations
Remove unnecessary iterator cloning

Codechange: Replace reliability magic numbers with constants.

These are derived as a percentage of UINT16_MAX.

Update: Translations from eints
english (au): 11 changes by krysclarke
danish: 9 changes by bscargo
portuguese (brazilian): 10 changes by pasantoro

Feature: Toyland-specific river graphics (#11523)

Replaces the old solution of reusing temperate sprites for toyland.

Update: Translations from eints
english (au): 2 changes by krysclarke
chinese (simplified): 37 changes by WenSimEHRP
romanian: 28 changes by bnegrut
russian: 13 changes by Ln-Wolf
finnish: 36 changes by hpiirai
danish: 16 changes by bscargo
dutch: 17 changes by Afoklala

Fix 9ce1626b: Some blitters have `bp->remap` aliased to `remap` for performance. (#11626)

While this probably doesn't make a huge difference for the custom transparent remap code path, the alias is there so use it.

Change: Scale sprites to requested highest resolution level. (#11600)

Sprites from graphics sets which only provide high resolution sprites are now scaled up from scaled down versions.

Change: Support custom transparency remaps with 32bpp blitters.

This closes a 15 year old TODO...

Add: 32bpp-to-8bpp palette index lookup.

Lookups are calculated on demand and caches in a 256KB in-memory table.