Change: Don't handle 'missing' string parameters as 0. (#11673)

If not enough parameters are supplied for a string, then a value of 0 was used, which could result in incorrect information being displayed.

Instead, throw an exception and include an error in the string.

Update: Translations from eints
english (us): 2 changes by 2TallTyler
chinese (simplified): 39 changes by WenSimEHRP
polish: 29 changes by pAter-exe

Codechange: No longer advance parent offset in StringParameters parent mode

Add method to manually advance offset

Update: replace the cedilla characters with comma ones for Romanian (#11665)

This is specifically for s-cedilla and t-cedilla to their comma variants.
These variants, especially in smaller font sizes, look almost identical but
they are different. Currently the translation uses a mix of the cedilla and
comma variants, where the cedilla ones are often in the older strings.

Replace reinnoi with innoi, as it is the correct form.

Update: Translations from eints
latvian: 2 changes by lexuslatvia
portuguese (brazilian): 1 change by pasantoro

Codechange: Use vehicle viewport hash to find clicked vehicle. (#11675)

This avoids having to iterate all vehicles, which can be an performance improvement when there are many vehicles.

Update: Translations from eints
latvian: 8 changes by lexuslatvia
polish: 1 change by pAter-exe

Update: Translations from eints
english (us): 11 changes by 2TallTyler
korean: 29 changes by telk5093

Fix #11644: Off by one error/buffer over-read in StrMakeValid (#11645)

* Fix #11644: Off by one error in StrMakeValid UTF-8 decode overrun detection

* Fix #11644: Off by one error in StrMakeValid buffer last character

* Fix: Unnecessary string duplication at StrMakeValid call sites

Update: Translations from eints
galician: 13 changes by Xocko12
catalan: 47 changes by J0anJosep
latvian: 14 changes by lexuslatvia
french: 11 changes by ottdfevr
portuguese: 52 changes by azulcosta

Fix: Calculation of initial engine age was inaccurate. (#11660)

Engine age in months was calculated as the difference in days / 32, instead of the actually difference in months. This would result in engines being artificially younger if a game was started at a later date.

Codechange: Use vector/unique_ptr inside widget containers.

This replaces a C-style double-linked-list which required all widgets
to have next/prev pointers, and removes the need for manual pointer management.

Codechange: Add GetParentWidget() to widgets.

This allows to get parent widgets in the nested tree from bottom-up.

Codechange: Make widget index const to prevent changes. (#11658)

This guards against future widget index manipulation.

Update: Translations from eints
russian: 11 changes by lexuslatvia
finnish: 12 changes by hpiirai
latvian: 217 changes by lexuslatvia

Fix #11655: Crash due to NWidgetMatrix modifying widget->index. (#11657)

NWidgetMatrix modifies its child widget's index to indicate which element
is to be drawn, which now causes issues with code that does not know about
stuffing extra data into the index.

Instead, let NWidgetMatrix store the currently processing element, and
retrieve this information from the matrix widget while child widgets are
being drawn.

This means only widgets that are children of NWidgetMatrix need to know
anything about their extra data.

Change: add vcpkg.json to instruct vcpkg what dependencies we require

This works on all OSes, making it far simpler for any developer
to jump in. Just install vcpkg, run "vcpkg install" in our root,
and you have all the dependencies.

Fix #11649: Ignore disabling a widget that does not exist. (#11652)

Orders window has different widget layouts depending on vehicle type
which don't all have the same widgets, and therefore it tries to disable
widgets that might not exist.

Restore the old behaviour of ignoring such requests, instead of crashing.

Codechange: Replace mishmash of types for widget index with WidgetID.

Indices were stored as int, but often passed around as uint/uint8_t and casts.

Now they should all use WidgetID.

Fix #11643: Empty area at top of survey preview. (#11647)

Empty area at the top of some textfile windows due to calling
SetDisplayedPlane() after calling FinishInitNested(), and/or changing
the displayed plane and not calling ReInit() after.

This was previously hidden by CheckForMissingGlyphs() reinitialising
all windows anyway.

Codechange: Use std::map to provide indexed widget access.

This removes the need to determine the biggest widget index and replaces C-style memory handling.

Codechange: Rename nested array to widget lookup.

This changes from naming storage-type to naming functionality.

* `FillNestedArray` is renamed to `FillWidgetLookup`.
* `Window::nested_array` is renamed to `Window::widget_lookup`.
* `array` parameter renamed as well.

Update: Translations from eints
danish: 3 changes by bscargo
dutch: 10 changes by Afoklala

Codechange: Remove deferred nested_array initialization path. (#11640)

Having two ways (`FillNestedArray` and `SetupSmallestSize`) to initialize
`Window::nested_array` introduces confusion.

Instead, make `FillNestedArray` the canonical way, always call it, and remove
init_array from `SetupSmallestSize`.

Fix: Changing default livery did not propagate to group liveries.

#11614 attempted to address this but did not handle 2CC properly, and changes to the default livery were not handled.

Fix #11629: AirportGetNearestTown for rotated airports (#11631)

Add rotation parameter to AirportGetNearestTown
Add wrapper for existing stations
Remove unnecessary iterator cloning

Codechange: Replace reliability magic numbers with constants.

These are derived as a percentage of UINT16_MAX.

Update: Translations from eints
english (au): 11 changes by krysclarke
danish: 9 changes by bscargo
portuguese (brazilian): 10 changes by pasantoro

Feature: Toyland-specific river graphics (#11523)

Replaces the old solution of reusing temperate sprites for toyland.

Update: Translations from eints
english (au): 2 changes by krysclarke
chinese (simplified): 37 changes by WenSimEHRP
romanian: 28 changes by bnegrut
russian: 13 changes by Ln-Wolf
finnish: 36 changes by hpiirai
danish: 16 changes by bscargo
dutch: 17 changes by Afoklala

Fix 9ce1626b: Some blitters have `bp->remap` aliased to `remap` for performance. (#11626)

While this probably doesn't make a huge difference for the custom transparent remap code path, the alias is there so use it.

Change: Scale sprites to requested highest resolution level. (#11600)

Sprites from graphics sets which only provide high resolution sprites are now scaled up from scaled down versions.

Change: Support custom transparency remaps with 32bpp blitters.

This closes a 15 year old TODO...

Add: 32bpp-to-8bpp palette index lookup.

Lookups are calculated on demand and caches in a 256KB in-memory table.

Codechange: Perform simpler comparison first when checking for palette updates.

This avoids unnecessarily comparing contents of an array.

Change: Remove hardcoded minimum sizes and allow resize.

This stops the window being needlessly large.

Change: Move colour selection dropdowns to bottom of window.

This stops them looking similar to how filter controls are used elsewhere,
and matches action dropdowns on other windows.

Fix #11442: "default" colour in group colour window is not updated when changing master colour (#11614)

Updated SelectCompanyLiveryWindow.DrawWidget method to check if a group's livery.in_use 0 bit is set, rendering the company's default colour if it has not been.

Fix #11515: Zoom level could wrap around when changing interface scale. (#11615)

This happened due to converting the new value to unsigned before clamping instead of after.

Fix: Update widget dimensions before updating viewport signs. (#11611)

Viewport signs used fullbevel WidgetDimensions before it was updated for the new interface scale.

Codechange: Replace pointer to Sprite array with reference to SpriteCollection. (#11580)

Add `SpriteLoader::SpriteCollection` type which is an array of `SpriteLoad::Sprite`.

This removes the ambiguity of what `SpriteLoader::Sprite *` is pointing to,
and cleans up mismatches using both dereference -> and array access [] for the
same object.

Fix: Draw unavailable mask over picker sprite instead of behind it.

This makes these disabled picker buttons consistent with other disabled buttons.

Codechange: Add Rect version of FillDrawPixelInfo().

This simplifies most callers as they longer have to split out a rect.

Add: Hotkey to focus industry directory filter box

Co-authored-by: Tyler Trahan <tyler@tylertrahan.com>

Add: Hotkey to focus town directory filter box

Co-authored-by: Tyler Trahan <tyler@tylertrahan.com>

Update: Translations from eints
vietnamese: 1 change by KhoiCanDev
danish: 4 changes by bscargo

Fix #10452: Don't let AyStar max_search_nodes unattended when initializing (#11544)

Add a constant with the default value of 10000 and have the pathfinding settings refer to it.

Add a preventative method to AyStar when it's initializing, to limit the number of max_search_nodes if left unattended.

Update: Translations from eints
vietnamese: 20 changes by KhoiCanDev
italian: 5 changes by Rivarossi

Update: Translations from eints
english (au): 17 changes by krysclarke
english (us): 17 changes by 2TallTyler
italian: 30 changes by Rivarossi
russian: 17 changes by Ln-Wolf
french: 36 changes by ottdfevr
portuguese (brazilian): 30 changes by pasantoro

Update: Translations from eints
english (us): 19 changes by 2TallTyler
vietnamese: 14 changes by KhoiCanDev
turkish: 26 changes by BeratSJ
dutch: 19 changes by Afoklala

Change: Don't mention TerraGenesis in setting helptexts

We no longer show the land generator in the World Generation GUI, so this is less important to explain in tooltips.