/* $Id$ */

/*
 * This file is part of OpenTTD.
 * OpenTTD is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2.
 * OpenTTD is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 * See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with OpenTTD. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

/** @file vehicle.cpp Base implementations of all vehicles. */

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "gui.h"
#include "roadveh.h"
#include "ship.h"
#include "spritecache.h"
#include "timetable.h"
#include "viewport_func.h"
#include "news_func.h"
#include "command_func.h"
#include "company_func.h"
#include "vehicle_gui.h"
#include "train.h"
#include "aircraft.h"
#include "newgrf_debug.h"
#include "newgrf_sound.h"
#include "newgrf_station.h"
#include "group.h"
#include "group_gui.h"
#include "strings_func.h"
#include "zoom_func.h"
#include "functions.h"
#include "date_func.h"
#include "window_func.h"
#include "vehicle_func.h"
#include "autoreplace_func.h"
#include "autoreplace_gui.h"
#include "station_base.h"
#include "ai/ai.hpp"
#include "depot_func.h"
#include "network/network.h"
#include "core/pool_func.hpp"
#include "economy_base.h"
#include "articulated_vehicles.h"
#include "roadstop_base.h"
#include "core/random_func.hpp"
#include "core/backup_type.hpp"
#include "order_backup.h"
#include "sound_func.h"
#include "effectvehicle_func.h"
#include "effectvehicle_base.h"
#include "vehiclelist.h"
#include "tunnel_map.h"
#include "depot_map.h"

#include "table/strings.h"

#define GEN_HASH(x, y) ((GB((y), 6, 6) << 6) + GB((x), 7, 6))

VehicleID _vehicle_id_ctr_day;
VehicleID _new_vehicle_id;
uint16 _returned_refit_capacity;      ///< Stores the capacity after a refit operation.
uint16 _returned_mail_refit_capacity; ///< Stores the mail capacity after a refit operation (Aircraft only).
byte _age_cargo_skip_counter;         ///< Skip aging of cargo?


/* Initialize the vehicle-pool */
VehiclePool _vehicle_pool("Vehicle");
INSTANTIATE_POOL_METHODS(Vehicle)

/**
 * Function to tell if a vehicle needs to be autorenewed
 * @param *c The vehicle owner
 * @return true if the vehicle is old enough for replacement
 */
bool Vehicle::NeedsAutorenewing(const Company *c) const
{
	/* We can always generate the Company pointer when we have the vehicle.
	 * However this takes time and since the Company pointer is often present
	 * when this function is called then it's faster to pass the pointer as an
	 * argument rather than finding it again. */
	assert(c == Company::Get(this->owner));

	if (!c->settings.engine_renew) return false;
	if (this->age - this->max_age < (c->settings.engine_renew_months * 30)) return false;
	if (this->age == 0) return false; // rail cars don't age and lacks a max age

	return true;
}

void VehicleServiceInDepot(Vehicle *v)
{
	v->date_of_last_service = _date;
	v->breakdowns_since_last_service = 0;
	v->reliability = Engine::Get(v->engine_type)->reliability;
	SetWindowDirty(WC_VEHICLE_DETAILS, v->index); // ensure that last service date and reliability are updated
}

bool Vehicle::NeedsServicing() const
{
	/* Stopped or crashed vehicles will not move, as such making unmovable
	 * vehicles to go for service is lame. */
	if (this->vehstatus & (VS_STOPPED | VS_CRASHED)) return false;

	/* Are we ready for the next service cycle? */
	const Company *c = Company::Get(this->owner);
	if (c->settings.vehicle.servint_ispercent ?
			(this->reliability >= Engine::Get(this->engine_type)->reliability * (100 - this->service_interval) / 100) :
			(this->date_of_last_service + this->service_interval >= _date)) {
		return false;
	}

	/* If we're servicing anyway, because we have not disabled servicing when
	 * there are no breakdowns or we are playing with breakdowns, bail out. */
	if (!_settings_game.order.no_servicing_if_no_breakdowns ||
			_settings_game.difficulty.vehicle_breakdowns != 0) {
		return true;
	}

	/* Test whether there is some pending autoreplace.
	 * Note: We do this after the service-interval test.
	 * There are a lot more reasons for autoreplace to fail than we can test here reasonably. */
	bool pending_replace = false;
	Money needed_money = c->settings.engine_renew_money;
	if (needed_money > c->money) return false;

	for (const Vehicle *v = this; v != NULL; v = (v->type == VEH_TRAIN) ? Train::From(v)->GetNextUnit() : NULL) {
		EngineID new_engine = EngineReplacementForCompany(c, v->engine_type, v->group_id);

		/* Check engine availability */
		if (new_engine == INVALID_ENGINE || !HasBit(Engine::Get(new_engine)->company_avail, v->owner)) continue;

		/* Check refittability */
		uint32 available_cargo_types, union_mask;
		GetArticulatedRefitMasks(new_engine, true, &union_mask, &available_cargo_types);
		/* Is there anything to refit? */
		if (union_mask != 0) {
			CargoID cargo_type;
			/* We cannot refit to mixed cargoes in an automated way */
			if (IsArticulatedVehicleCarryingDifferentCargos(v, &cargo_type)) continue;

			/* Did the old vehicle carry anything? */
			if (cargo_type != CT_INVALID) {
				/* We can't refit the vehicle to carry the cargo we want */
				if (!HasBit(available_cargo_types, cargo_type)) continue;
			}
		}

		/* Check money.
		 * We want 2*(the price of the new vehicle) without looking at the value of the vehicle we are going to sell. */
		pending_replace = true;
		needed_money += 2 * Engine::Get(new_engine)->GetCost();
		if (needed_money > c->money) return false;
	}

	return pending_replace;
}

bool Vehicle::NeedsAutomaticServicing() const
{
	if (_settings_game.order.gotodepot && this->HasDepotOrder()) return false;
	if (this->current_order.IsType(OT_LOADING)) return false;
	if (this->current_order.IsType(OT_GOTO_DEPOT) && this->current_order.GetDepotOrderType() != ODTFB_SERVICE) return false;
	return NeedsServicing();
}

uint Vehicle::Crash(bool flooded)
{
	assert((this->vehstatus & VS_CRASHED) == 0);
	assert(this->Previous() == NULL); // IsPrimaryVehicle fails for free-wagon-chains

	uint pass = 0;
	/* Stop the vehicle. */
	if (this->IsPrimaryVehicle()) this->vehstatus |= VS_STOPPED;
	/* crash all wagons, and count passengers */
	for (Vehicle *v = this; v != NULL; v = v->Next()) {
		if (IsCargoInClass(v->cargo_type, CC_PASSENGERS)) pass += v->cargo.Count();
		v->vehstatus |= VS_CRASHED;
		MarkSingleVehicleDirty(v);
	}

	/* Dirty some windows */
	InvalidateWindowClassesData(GetWindowClassForVehicleType(this->type), 0);
	SetWindowWidgetDirty(WC_VEHICLE_VIEW, this->index, VVW_WIDGET_START_STOP_VEH);
	SetWindowDirty(WC_VEHICLE_DETAILS, this->index);
	SetWindowDirty(WC_VEHICLE_DEPOT, this->tile);

	return pass;
}


/**
 * Displays a "NewGrf Bug" error message for a engine, and pauses the game if not networking.
 * @param engine The engine that caused the problem
 * @param part1  Part 1 of the error message, taking the grfname as parameter 1
 * @param part2  Part 2 of the error message, taking the engine as parameter 2
 * @param bug_type Flag to check and set in grfconfig
 * @param critical Shall the "OpenTTD might crash"-message be shown when the player tries to unpause?
 */
void ShowNewGrfVehicleError(EngineID engine, StringID part1, StringID part2, GRFBugs bug_type, bool critical)
{
	const Engine *e = Engine::Get(engine);
	uint32 grfid = e->grf_prop.grffile->grfid;
	GRFConfig *grfconfig = GetGRFConfig(grfid);

	if (!HasBit(grfconfig->grf_bugs, bug_type)) {
		SetBit(grfconfig->grf_bugs, bug_type);
		SetDParamStr(0, grfconfig->GetName());
		SetDParam(1, engine);
		ShowErrorMessage(part1, part2, WL_CRITICAL);
		if (!_networking) DoCommand(0, critical ? PM_PAUSED_ERROR : PM_PAUSED_NORMAL, 1, DC_EXEC, CMD_PAUSE);
	}

	/* debug output */
	char buffer[512];

	SetDParamStr(0, grfconfig->GetName());
	GetString(buffer, part1, lastof(buffer));
	DEBUG(grf, 0, "%s", buffer + 3);

	SetDParam(1, engine);
	GetString(buffer, part2, lastof(buffer));
	DEBUG(grf, 0, "%s", buffer + 3);
}

/**
 * Vehicle constructor.
 * @param type Type of the new vehicle.
 */
Vehicle::Vehicle(VehicleType type)
{
	this->type               = type;
	this->coord.left         = INVALID_COORD;
	this->group_id           = DEFAULT_GROUP;
	this->fill_percent_te_id = INVALID_TE_ID;
	this->first              = this;
	this->colourmap          = PAL_NONE;
}

/**
 * Get a value for a vehicle's random_bits.
 * @return A random value from 0 to 255.
 */
byte VehicleRandomBits()
{
	return GB(Random(), 0, 8);
}

/* Size of the hash, 6 = 64 x 64, 7 = 128 x 128. Larger sizes will (in theory) reduce hash
 * lookup times at the expense of memory usage. */
const int HASH_BITS = 7;
const int HASH_SIZE = 1 << HASH_BITS;
const int HASH_MASK = HASH_SIZE - 1;
const int TOTAL_HASH_SIZE = 1 << (HASH_BITS * 2);
const int TOTAL_HASH_MASK = TOTAL_HASH_SIZE - 1;

/* Resolution of the hash, 0 = 1*1 tile, 1 = 2*2 tiles, 2 = 4*4 tiles, etc.
 * Profiling results show that 0 is fastest. */
const int HASH_RES = 0;

static Vehicle *_new_vehicle_position_hash[TOTAL_HASH_SIZE];

static Vehicle *VehicleFromHash(int xl, int yl, int xu, int yu, void *data, VehicleFromPosProc *proc, bool find_first)
{
	for (int y = yl; ; y = (y + (1 << HASH_BITS)) & (HASH_MASK << HASH_BITS)) {
		for (int x = xl; ; x = (x + 1) & HASH_MASK) {
			Vehicle *v = _new_vehicle_position_hash[(x + y) & TOTAL_HASH_MASK];
			for (; v != NULL; v = v->next_new_hash) {
				Vehicle *a = proc(v, data);
				if (find_first && a != NULL) return a;
			}
			if (x == xu) break;
		}
		if (y == yu) break;
	}

	return NULL;
}


/**
 * Helper function for FindVehicleOnPos/HasVehicleOnPos.
 * @note Do not call this function directly!
 * @param x    The X location on the map
 * @param y    The Y location on the map
 * @param data Arbitrary data passed to proc
 * @param proc The proc that determines whether a vehicle will be "found".
 * @param find_first Whether to return on the first found or iterate over
 *                   all vehicles
 * @return the best matching or first vehicle (depending on find_first).
 */
static Vehicle *VehicleFromPosXY(int x, int y, void *data, VehicleFromPosProc *proc, bool find_first)
{
	const int COLL_DIST = 6;

	/* Hash area to scan is from xl,yl to xu,yu */
	int xl = GB((x - COLL_DIST) / TILE_SIZE, HASH_RES, HASH_BITS);
	int xu = GB((x + COLL_DIST) / TILE_SIZE, HASH_RES, HASH_BITS);
	int yl = GB((y - COLL_DIST) / TILE_SIZE, HASH_RES, HASH_BITS) << HASH_BITS;
	int yu = GB((y + COLL_DIST) / TILE_SIZE, HASH_RES, HASH_BITS) << HASH_BITS;

	return VehicleFromHash(xl, yl, xu, yu, data, proc, find_first);
}

/**
 * Find a vehicle from a specific location. It will call proc for ALL vehicles
 * on the tile and YOU must make SURE that the "best one" is stored in the
 * data value and is ALWAYS the same regardless of the order of the vehicles
 * where proc was called on!
 * When you fail to do this properly you create an almost untraceable DESYNC!
 * @note The return value of proc will be ignored.
 * @note Use this when you have the intention that all vehicles
 *       should be iterated over.
 * @param x    The X location on the map
 * @param y    The Y location on the map
 * @param data Arbitrary data passed to proc
 * @param proc The proc that determines whether a vehicle will be "found".
 */
void FindVehicleOnPosXY(int x, int y, void *data, VehicleFromPosProc *proc)
{
	VehicleFromPosXY(x, y, data, proc, false);
}

/**
 * Checks whether a vehicle in on a specific location. It will call proc for
 * vehicles until it returns non-NULL.
 * @note Use FindVehicleOnPosXY when you have the intention that all vehicles
 *       should be iterated over.
 * @param x    The X location on the map
 * @param y    The Y location on the map
 * @param data Arbitrary data passed to proc
 * @param proc The proc that determines whether a vehicle will be "found".
 * @return True if proc returned non-NULL.
 */
bool HasVehicleOnPosXY(int x, int y, void *data, VehicleFromPosProc *proc)
{
	return VehicleFromPosXY(x, y, data, proc, true) != NULL;
}

/**
 * Helper function for FindVehicleOnPos/HasVehicleOnPos.
 * @note Do not call this function directly!
 * @param tile The location on the map
 * @param data Arbitrary data passed to \a proc.
 * @param proc The proc that determines whether a vehicle will be "found".
 * @param find_first Whether to return on the first found or iterate over
 *                   all vehicles
 * @return the best matching or first vehicle (depending on find_first).
 */
static Vehicle *VehicleFromPos(TileIndex tile, void *data, VehicleFromPosProc *proc, bool find_first)
{
	int x = GB(TileX(tile), HASH_RES, HASH_BITS);
	int y = GB(TileY(tile), HASH_RES, HASH_BITS) << HASH_BITS;

	Vehicle *v = _new_vehicle_position_hash[(x + y) & TOTAL_HASH_MASK];
	for (; v != NULL; v = v->next_new_hash) {
		if (v->tile != tile) continue;

		Vehicle *a = proc(v, data);
		if (find_first && a != NULL) return a;
	}

	return NULL;
}

/**
 * Find a vehicle from a specific location. It will call \a proc for ALL vehicles
 * on the tile and YOU must make SURE that the "best one" is stored in the
 * data value and is ALWAYS the same regardless of the order of the vehicles
 * where proc was called on!
 * When you fail to do this properly you create an almost untraceable DESYNC!
 * @note The return value of \a proc will be ignored.
 * @note Use this function when you have the intention that all vehicles
 *       should be iterated over.
 * @param tile The location on the map
 * @param data Arbitrary data passed to \a proc.
 * @param proc The proc that determines whether a vehicle will be "found".
 */
void FindVehicleOnPos(TileIndex tile, void *data, VehicleFromPosProc *proc)
{
	VehicleFromPos(tile, data, proc, false);
}

/**
 * Checks whether a vehicle is on a specific location. It will call \a proc for
 * vehicles until it returns non-NULL.
 * @note Use #FindVehicleOnPos when you have the intention that all vehicles
 *       should be iterated over.
 * @param tile The location on the map
 * @param data Arbitrary data passed to \a proc.
 * @param proc The \a proc that determines whether a vehicle will be "found".
 * @return True if proc returned non-NULL.
 */
bool HasVehicleOnPos(TileIndex tile, void *data, VehicleFromPosProc *proc)
{
	return VehicleFromPos(tile, data, proc, true) != NULL;
}

/**
 * Callback that returns 'real' vehicles lower or at height \c *(byte*)data .
 * @param v Vehicle to examine.
 * @param data Pointer to height data.
 * @return \a v if conditions are met, else \c NULL.
 */
static Vehicle *EnsureNoVehicleProcZ(Vehicle *v, void *data)
{
	byte z = *(byte*)data;

	if (v->type == VEH_DISASTER || (v->type == VEH_AIRCRAFT && v->subtype == AIR_SHADOW)) return NULL;
	if (v->z_pos > z) return NULL;

	return v;
}

/**
 * Ensure there is no vehicle at the ground at the given position.
 * @param tile Position to examine.
 * @return Succeeded command (ground is free) or failed command (a vehicle is found).
 */
CommandCost EnsureNoVehicleOnGround(TileIndex tile)
{
	byte z = GetTileMaxZ(tile);

	/* Value v is not safe in MP games, however, it is used to generate a local
	 * error message only (which may be different for different machines).
	 * Such a message does not affect MP synchronisation.
	 */
	Vehicle *v = VehicleFromPos(tile, &z, &EnsureNoVehicleProcZ, true);
	if (v != NULL) return_cmd_error(STR_ERROR_TRAIN_IN_THE_WAY + v->type);
	return CommandCost();
}

/** Procedure called for every vehicle found in tunnel/bridge in the hash map */
static Vehicle *GetVehicleTunnelBridgeProc(Vehicle *v, void *data)
{
	if (v->type != VEH_TRAIN && v->type != VEH_ROAD && v->type != VEH_SHIP) return NULL;
	if (v == (const Vehicle *)data) return NULL;

	return v;
}

/**
 * Finds vehicle in tunnel / bridge
 * @param tile first end
 * @param endtile second end
 * @param ignore Ignore this vehicle when searching
 * @return Succeeded command (if tunnel/bridge is free) or failed command (if a vehicle is using the tunnel/bridge).
 */
CommandCost TunnelBridgeIsFree(TileIndex tile, TileIndex endtile, const Vehicle *ignore)
{
	/* Value v is not safe in MP games, however, it is used to generate a local
	 * error message only (which may be different for different machines).
	 * Such a message does not affect MP synchronisation.
	 */
	Vehicle *v = VehicleFromPos(tile, (void *)ignore, &GetVehicleTunnelBridgeProc, true);
	if (v == NULL) v = VehicleFromPos(endtile, (void *)ignore, &GetVehicleTunnelBridgeProc, true);

	if (v != NULL) return_cmd_error(STR_ERROR_TRAIN_IN_THE_WAY + v->type);
	return CommandCost();
}

static Vehicle *EnsureNoTrainOnTrackProc(Vehicle *v, void *data)
{
	TrackBits rail_bits = *(TrackBits *)data;

	if (v->type != VEH_TRAIN) return NULL;

	Train *t = Train::From(v);
	if ((t->track != rail_bits) && !TracksOverlap(t->track | rail_bits)) return NULL;

	return v;
}

/**
 * Tests if a vehicle interacts with the specified track bits.
 * All track bits interact except parallel #TRACK_BIT_HORZ or #TRACK_BIT_VERT.
 *
 * @param tile The tile.
 * @param track_bits The track bits.
 * @return \c true if no train that interacts, is found. \c false if a train is found.
 */
CommandCost EnsureNoTrainOnTrackBits(TileIndex tile, TrackBits track_bits)
{
	/* Value v is not safe in MP games, however, it is used to generate a local
	 * error message only (which may be different for different machines).
	 * Such a message does not affect MP synchronisation.
	 */
	Vehicle *v = VehicleFromPos(tile, &track_bits, &EnsureNoTrainOnTrackProc, true);
	if (v != NULL) return_cmd_error(STR_ERROR_TRAIN_IN_THE_WAY + v->type);
	return CommandCost();
}

static void UpdateNewVehiclePosHash(Vehicle *v, bool remove)
{
	Vehicle **old_hash = v->old_new_hash;
	Vehicle **new_hash;

	if (remove) {
		new_hash = NULL;
	} else {
		int x = GB(TileX(v->tile), HASH_RES, HASH_BITS);
		int y = GB(TileY(v->tile), HASH_RES, HASH_BITS) << HASH_BITS;
		new_hash = &_new_vehicle_position_hash[(x + y) & TOTAL_HASH_MASK];
	}

	if (old_hash == new_hash) return;

	/* Remove from the old position in the hash table */
	if (old_hash != NULL) {
		if (v->next_new_hash != NULL) v->next_new_hash->prev_new_hash = v->prev_new_hash;
		*v->prev_new_hash = v->next_new_hash;
	}

	/* Insert vehicle at beginning of the new position in the hash table */
	if (new_hash != NULL) {
		v->next_new_hash = *new_hash;
		if (v->next_new_hash != NULL) v->next_new_hash->prev_new_hash = &v->next_new_hash;
		v->prev_new_hash = new_hash;
		*new_hash = v;
	}

	/* Remember current hash position */
	v->old_new_hash = new_hash;
}

static Vehicle *_vehicle_position_hash[0x1000];

static void UpdateVehiclePosHash(Vehicle *v, int x, int y)
{
	UpdateNewVehiclePosHash(v, x == INVALID_COORD);

	Vehicle **old_hash, **new_hash;
	int old_x = v->coord.left;
	int old_y = v->coord.top;

	new_hash = (x == INVALID_COORD) ? NULL : &_vehicle_position_hash[GEN_HASH(x, y)];
	old_hash = (old_x == INVALID_COORD) ? NULL : &_vehicle_position_hash[GEN_HASH(old_x, old_y)];

	if (old_hash == new_hash) return;

	/* remove from hash table? */
	if (old_hash != NULL) {
		if (v->next_hash != NULL) v->next_hash->prev_hash = v->prev_hash;
		*v->prev_hash = v->next_hash;
	}

	/* insert into hash table? */
	if (new_hash != NULL) {
		v->next_hash = *new_hash;
		if (v->next_hash != NULL) v->next_hash->prev_hash = &v->next_hash;
		v->prev_hash = new_hash;
		*new_hash = v;
	}
}

void ResetVehiclePosHash()
{
	Vehicle *v;
	FOR_ALL_VEHICLES(v) { v->old_new_hash = NULL; }
	memset(_vehicle_position_hash, 0, sizeof(_vehicle_position_hash));
	memset(_new_vehicle_position_hash, 0, sizeof(_new_vehicle_position_hash));
}

void ResetVehicleColourMap()
{
	Vehicle *v;
	FOR_ALL_VEHICLES(v) { v->colourmap = PAL_NONE; }
}

/**
 * List of vehicles that should check for autoreplace this tick.
 * Mapping of vehicle -> leave depot immediately after autoreplace.
 */
typedef SmallMap<Vehicle *, bool, 4> AutoreplaceMap;
static AutoreplaceMap _vehicles_to_autoreplace;

void InitializeVehicles()
{
	_vehicle_pool.CleanPool();
	_cargo_payment_pool.CleanPool();

	_age_cargo_skip_counter = 1;

	_vehicles_to_autoreplace.Reset();
	ResetVehiclePosHash();
}

uint CountVehiclesInChain(const Vehicle *v)
{
	uint count = 0;
	do count++; while ((v = v->Next()) != NULL);
	return count;
}

/**
 * Count the number of vehicles of a company.
 * @param c Company owning the vehicles.
 * @param [out] counts Array of counts. Contains the vehicle count ordered by type afterwards.
 */
void CountCompanyVehicles(CompanyID cid, uint counts[4])
{
	for (uint i = 0; i < 4; i++) counts[i] = 0;

	const Vehicle *v;
	FOR_ALL_VEHICLES(v) {
		if (v->owner == cid && v->IsPrimaryVehicle()) counts[v->type]++;
	}
}

/**
 * Check if a vehicle is counted in num_engines in each company struct
 * @return true if the vehicle is counted in num_engines
 */
bool Vehicle::IsEngineCountable() const
{
	switch (this->type) {
		case VEH_AIRCRAFT: return Aircraft::From(this)->IsNormalAircraft(); // don't count plane shadows and helicopter rotors
		case VEH_TRAIN:
			return !Train::From(this)->IsArticulatedPart() && // tenders and other articulated parts
					!Train::From(this)->IsRearDualheaded(); // rear parts of multiheaded engines
		case VEH_ROAD: return RoadVehicle::From(this)->IsRoadVehFront();
		case VEH_SHIP: return true;
		default: return false; // Only count company buildable vehicles
	}
}

void Vehicle::PreDestructor()
{
	if (CleaningPool()) return;

	if (Station::IsValidID(this->last_station_visited)) {
		Station::Get(this->last_station_visited)->loading_vehicles.remove(this);

		HideFillingPercent(&this->fill_percent_te_id);

		delete this->cargo_payment;
	}

	if (this->IsEngineCountable()) {
		Company::Get(this->owner)->num_engines[this->engine_type]--;
		if (this->owner == _local_company) InvalidateAutoreplaceWindow(this->engine_type, this->group_id);

		DeleteGroupHighlightOfVehicle(this);
		if (Group::IsValidID(this->group_id)) Group::Get(this->group_id)->num_engines[this->engine_type]--;
		if (this->IsPrimaryVehicle()) DecreaseGroupNumVehicle(this->group_id);
	}

	if (this->type == VEH_AIRCRAFT && this->IsPrimaryVehicle()) {
		Aircraft *a = Aircraft::From(this);
		Station *st = GetTargetAirportIfValid(a);
		if (st != NULL) {
			const AirportFTA *layout = st->airport.GetFTA()->layout;
			CLRBITS(st->airport.flags, layout[a->previous_pos].block | layout[a->pos].block);
		}
	}


	if (this->type == VEH_ROAD && this->IsPrimaryVehicle()) {
		RoadVehicle *v = RoadVehicle::From(this);
		if (!(v->vehstatus & VS_CRASHED) && IsInsideMM(v->state, RVSB_IN_DT_ROAD_STOP, RVSB_IN_DT_ROAD_STOP_END)) {
			/* Leave the drive through roadstop, when you have not already left it. */
			RoadStop::GetByTile(v->tile, GetRoadStopType(v->tile))->Leave(v);
		}
	}

	if (this->Previous() == NULL) {
		InvalidateWindowData(WC_VEHICLE_DEPOT, this->tile);
	}

	if (this->IsPrimaryVehicle()) {
		DeleteWindowById(WC_VEHICLE_VIEW, this->index);
		DeleteWindowById(WC_VEHICLE_ORDERS, this->index);
		DeleteWindowById(WC_VEHICLE_REFIT, this->index);
		DeleteWindowById(WC_VEHICLE_DETAILS, this->index);
		DeleteWindowById(WC_VEHICLE_TIMETABLE, this->index);
		SetWindowDirty(WC_COMPANY, this->owner);
		OrderBackup::ClearVehicle(this);
	}
	InvalidateWindowClassesData(GetWindowClassForVehicleType(this->type), 0);

	this->cargo.Truncate(0);
	DeleteVehicleOrders(this);
	DeleteDepotHighlightOfVehicle(this);

	extern void StopGlobalFollowVehicle(const Vehicle *v);
	StopGlobalFollowVehicle(this);

	ReleaseDisastersTargetingVehicle(this->index);
}

Vehicle::~Vehicle()
{
	free(this->name);

	if (CleaningPool()) return;

	/* sometimes, eg. for disaster vehicles, when company bankrupts, when removing crashed/flooded vehicles,
	 * it may happen that vehicle chain is deleted when visible */
	if (!(this->vehstatus & VS_HIDDEN)) MarkSingleVehicleDirty(this);

	Vehicle *v = this->Next();
	this->SetNext(NULL);

	delete v;

	UpdateVehiclePosHash(this, INVALID_COORD, 0);
	DeleteVehicleNews(this->index, INVALID_STRING_ID);
	DeleteNewGRFInspectWindow(GetGrfSpecFeature(this->type), this->index);
}

/**
 * Adds a vehicle to the list of vehicles that visited a depot this tick
 * @param *v vehicle to add
 */
void VehicleEnteredDepotThisTick(Vehicle *v)
{
	/* Vehicle should stop in the depot if it was in 'stopping' state */
	_vehicles_to_autoreplace[v] = !(v->vehstatus & VS_STOPPED);

	/* We ALWAYS set the stopped state. Even when the vehicle does not plan on
	 * stopping in the depot, so we stop it to ensure that it will not reserve
	 * the path out of the depot before we might autoreplace it to a different
	 * engine. The new engine would not own the reserved path we store that we
	 * stopped the vehicle, so autoreplace can start it again */
	v->vehstatus |= VS_STOPPED;
}

/**
 * Increases the day counter for all vehicles and calls 1-day and 32-day handlers.
 * Each tick, it processes vehicles with "index % DAY_TICKS == _date_fract",
 * so each day, all vehicles are processes in DAY_TICKS steps.
 */
static void RunVehicleDayProc()
{
	if (_game_mode != GM_NORMAL) return;

	/* Run the day_proc for every DAY_TICKS vehicle starting at _date_fract. */
	for (size_t i = _date_fract; i < Vehicle::GetPoolSize(); i += DAY_TICKS) {
		Vehicle *v = Vehicle::Get(i);
		if (v == NULL) continue;

		/* Call the 32-day callback if needed */
		if ((v->day_counter & 0x1F) == 0) {
			uint16 callback = GetVehicleCallback(CBID_VEHICLE_32DAY_CALLBACK, 0, 0, v->engine_type, v);
			if (callback != CALLBACK_FAILED) {
				if (HasBit(callback, 0)) TriggerVehicle(v, VEHICLE_TRIGGER_CALLBACK_32); // Trigger vehicle trigger 10
				if (HasBit(callback, 1)) v->colourmap = PAL_NONE;
			}
		}

		/* This is called once per day for each vehicle, but not in the first tick of the day */
		v->OnNewDay();
	}
}

void CallVehicleTicks()
{
	_vehicles_to_autoreplace.Clear();

	_age_cargo_skip_counter = (_age_cargo_skip_counter == 0) ? 184 : (_age_cargo_skip_counter - 1);

	RunVehicleDayProc();

	Station *st;
	FOR_ALL_STATIONS(st) LoadUnloadStation(st);

	Vehicle *v;
	FOR_ALL_VEHICLES(v) {
		/* Vehicle could be deleted in this tick */
		if (!v->Tick()) {
			assert(Vehicle::Get(vehicle_index) == NULL);
			continue;
		}

		assert(Vehicle::Get(vehicle_index) == v);

		switch (v->type) {
			default: break;

			case VEH_TRAIN:
			case VEH_ROAD:
			case VEH_AIRCRAFT:
			case VEH_SHIP:
				if (_age_cargo_skip_counter == 0) v->cargo.AgeCargo();

				if (v->type == VEH_TRAIN && Train::From(v)->IsWagon()) continue;
				if (v->type == VEH_AIRCRAFT && v->subtype != AIR_HELICOPTER) continue;
				if (v->type == VEH_ROAD && !RoadVehicle::From(v)->IsRoadVehFront()) continue;

				v->motion_counter += v->cur_speed;
				/* Play a running sound if the motion counter passes 256 (Do we not skip sounds?) */
				if (GB(v->motion_counter, 0, 8) < v->cur_speed) PlayVehicleSound(v, VSE_RUNNING);

				/* Play an alterate running sound every 16 ticks */
				if (GB(v->tick_counter, 0, 4) == 0) PlayVehicleSound(v, v->cur_speed > 0 ? VSE_RUNNING_16 : VSE_STOPPED_16);
		}
	}

	Backup<CompanyByte> cur_company(_current_company, FILE_LINE);
	for (AutoreplaceMap::iterator it = _vehicles_to_autoreplace.Begin(); it != _vehicles_to_autoreplace.End(); it++) {
		v = it->first;
		/* Autoreplace needs the current company set as the vehicle owner */
		cur_company.Change(v->owner);

		/* Start vehicle if we stopped them in VehicleEnteredDepotThisTick()
		 * We need to stop them between VehicleEnteredDepotThisTick() and here or we risk that
		 * they are already leaving the depot again before being replaced. */
		if (it->second) v->vehstatus &= ~VS_STOPPED;

		/* Store the position of the effect as the vehicle pointer will become invalid later */
		int x = v->x_pos;
		int y = v->y_pos;
		int z = v->z_pos;

		const Company *c = Company::Get(_current_company);
		SubtractMoneyFromCompany(CommandCost(EXPENSES_NEW_VEHICLES, (Money)c->settings.engine_renew_money));
		CommandCost res = DoCommand(0, v->index, 0, DC_EXEC, CMD_AUTOREPLACE_VEHICLE);
		SubtractMoneyFromCompany(CommandCost(EXPENSES_NEW_VEHICLES, -(Money)c->settings.engine_renew_money));

		if (!IsLocalCompany()) continue;

		if (res.Succeeded()) {
			ShowCostOrIncomeAnimation(x, y, z, res.GetCost());
			continue;
		}

		StringID error_message = res.GetErrorMessage();
		if (error_message == STR_ERROR_AUTOREPLACE_NOTHING_TO_DO || error_message == INVALID_STRING_ID) continue;

		if (error_message == STR_ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_CASH_REQUIRES_CURRENCY) error_message = STR_ERROR_AUTOREPLACE_MONEY_LIMIT;

		StringID message;
		if (error_message == STR_ERROR_TRAIN_TOO_LONG_AFTER_REPLACEMENT) {
			message = error_message;
		} else {
			message = STR_NEWS_VEHICLE_AUTORENEW_FAILED;
		}

		SetDParam(0, v->index);
		SetDParam(1, error_message);
		AddVehicleNewsItem(message, NS_ADVICE, v->index);
	}

	cur_company.Restore();
}

/**
 * Add vehicle sprite for drawing to the screen.
 * @param v Vehicle to draw.
 */
static void DoDrawVehicle(const Vehicle *v)
{
	SpriteID image = v->cur_image;
	PaletteID pal = PAL_NONE;

	if (v->vehstatus & VS_DEFPAL) pal = (v->vehstatus & VS_CRASHED) ? PALETTE_CRASH : GetVehiclePalette(v);

	AddSortableSpriteToDraw(image, pal, v->x_pos + v->x_offs, v->y_pos + v->y_offs,
		v->x_extent, v->y_extent, v->z_extent, v->z_pos, (v->vehstatus & VS_SHADOW) != 0);
}

void ViewportAddVehicles(DrawPixelInfo *dpi)
{
	/* The bounding rectangle */
	const int l = dpi->left;
	const int r = dpi->left + dpi->width;
	const int t = dpi->top;
	const int b = dpi->top + dpi->height;

	/* The hash area to scan */
	int xl, xu, yl, yu;

	if (dpi->width + 70 < (1 << (7 + 6))) {
		xl = GB(l - 70, 7, 6);
		xu = GB(r,      7, 6);
	} else {
		/* scan whole hash row */
		xl = 0;
		xu = 0x3F;
	}

	if (dpi->height + 70 < (1 << (6 + 6))) {
		yl = GB(t - 70, 6, 6) << 6;
		yu = GB(b,      6, 6) << 6;
	} else {
		/* scan whole column */
		yl = 0;
		yu = 0x3F << 6;
	}

	for (int y = yl;; y = (y + (1 << 6)) & (0x3F << 6)) {
		for (int x = xl;; x = (x + 1) & 0x3F) {
			const Vehicle *v = _vehicle_position_hash[x + y]; // already masked & 0xFFF

			while (v != NULL) {
				if (!(v->vehstatus & VS_HIDDEN) &&
						l <= v->coord.right &&
						t <= v->coord.bottom &&
						r >= v->coord.left &&
						b >= v->coord.top) {
					DoDrawVehicle(v);
				}
				v = v->next_hash;
			}

			if (x == xu) break;
		}

		if (y == yu) break;
	}
}

Vehicle *CheckClickOnVehicle(const ViewPort *vp, int x, int y)
{
	Vehicle *found = NULL, *v;
	uint dist, best_dist = UINT_MAX;

	if ((uint)(x -= vp->left) >= (uint)vp->width || (uint)(y -= vp->top) >= (uint)vp->height) return NULL;

	x = ScaleByZoom(x, vp->zoom) + vp->virtual_left;
	y = ScaleByZoom(y, vp->zoom) + vp->virtual_top;

	FOR_ALL_VEHICLES(v) {
		if ((v->vehstatus & (VS_HIDDEN | VS_UNCLICKABLE)) == 0 &&
				x >= v->coord.left && x <= v->coord.right &&
				y >= v->coord.top && y <= v->coord.bottom) {

			dist = max(
				abs(((v->coord.left + v->coord.right) >> 1) - x),
				abs(((v->coord.top + v->coord.bottom) >> 1) - y)
			);

			if (dist < best_dist) {
				found = v;
				best_dist = dist;
			}
		}
	}

	return found;
}

void DecreaseVehicleValue(Vehicle *v)
{
	v->value -= v->value >> 8;
	SetWindowDirty(WC_VEHICLE_DETAILS, v->index);
}

static const byte _breakdown_chance[64] = {
	  3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,
	  4,   4,   5,   5,   6,   6,   7,   7,
	  8,   8,   9,   9,  10,  10,  11,  11,
	 12,  13,  13,  13,  13,  14,  15,  16,
	 17,  19,  21,  25,  28,  31,  34,  37,
	 40,  44,  48,  52,  56,  60,  64,  68,
	 72,  80,  90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140,
	150, 170, 190, 210, 230, 250, 250, 250,
};

void CheckVehicleBreakdown(Vehicle *v)
{
	int rel, rel_old;

	/* decrease reliability */
	v->reliability = rel = max((rel_old = v->reliability) - v->reliability_spd_dec, 0);
	if ((rel_old >> 8) != (rel >> 8)) SetWindowDirty(WC_VEHICLE_DETAILS, v->index);

	if (v->breakdown_ctr != 0 || (v->vehstatus & VS_STOPPED) ||
			_settings_game.difficulty.vehicle_breakdowns < 1 ||
			v->cur_speed < 5 || _game_mode == GM_MENU) {
		return;
	}

	uint32 r = Random();

	/* increase chance of failure */
	int chance = v->breakdown_chance + 1;
	if (Chance16I(1, 25, r)) chance += 25;
	v->breakdown_chance = min(255, chance);

	/* calculate reliability value to use in comparison */
	rel = v->reliability;
	if (v->type == VEH_SHIP) rel += 0x6666;

	/* reduced breakdowns? */
	if (_settings_game.difficulty.vehicle_breakdowns == 1) rel += 0x6666;

	/* check if to break down */
	if (_breakdown_chance[(uint)min(rel, 0xffff) >> 10] <= v->breakdown_chance) {
		v->breakdown_ctr    = GB(r, 16, 6) + 0x3F;
		v->breakdown_delay  = GB(r, 24, 7) + 0x80;
		v->breakdown_chance = 0;
	}
}

bool Vehicle::HandleBreakdown()
{
	/* Possible states for Vehicle::breakdown_ctr
	 * 0  - vehicle is running normally
	 * 1  - vehicle is currently broken down
	 * 2  - vehicle is going to break down now
	 * >2 - vehicle is counting down to the actual breakdown event */
	switch (this->breakdown_ctr) {
		case 0:
			return false;

		case 2:
			this->breakdown_ctr = 1;

			if (this->breakdowns_since_last_service != 255) {
				this->breakdowns_since_last_service++;
			}

			this->MarkDirty();
			SetWindowDirty(WC_VEHICLE_VIEW, this->index);
			SetWindowDirty(WC_VEHICLE_DETAILS, this->index);

			if (this->type == VEH_AIRCRAFT) {
				/* Aircraft just need this flag, the rest is handled elsewhere */
				this->vehstatus |= VS_AIRCRAFT_BROKEN;
			} else {
				this->cur_speed = 0;

				if (!PlayVehicleSound(this, VSE_BREAKDOWN)) {
					SndPlayVehicleFx((_settings_game.game_creation.landscape != LT_TOYLAND) ?
						(this->type == VEH_TRAIN ? SND_10_TRAIN_BREAKDOWN : SND_0F_VEHICLE_BREAKDOWN) :
						(this->type == VEH_TRAIN ? SND_3A_COMEDY_BREAKDOWN_2 : SND_35_COMEDY_BREAKDOWN), this);
				}

				if (!(this->vehstatus & VS_HIDDEN)) {
					EffectVehicle *u = CreateEffectVehicleRel(this, 4, 4, 5, EV_BREAKDOWN_SMOKE);
					if (u != NULL) u->animation_state = this->breakdown_delay * 2;
				}
			}
			/* FALL THROUGH */
		case 1:
			/* Aircraft breakdowns end only when arriving at the airport */
			if (this->type == VEH_AIRCRAFT) return false;

			/* For trains this function is called twice per tick, so decrease v->breakdown_delay at half the rate */
			if ((this->tick_counter & (this->type == VEH_TRAIN ? 3 : 1)) == 0) {
				if (--this->breakdown_delay == 0) {
					this->breakdown_ctr = 0;
					this->MarkDirty();
					SetWindowDirty(WC_VEHICLE_VIEW, this->index);
				}
			}
			return true;

		default:
			if (!this->current_order.IsType(OT_LOADING)) this->breakdown_ctr--;
			return false;
	}
}

/**
 * Update age of a vehicle.
 * @param v Vehicle to update.
 */
void AgeVehicle(Vehicle *v)
{
	if (v->age < MAX_DAY) v->age++;

	int age = v->age - v->max_age;
	if (age == DAYS_IN_LEAP_YEAR * 0 || age == DAYS_IN_LEAP_YEAR * 1 ||
			age == DAYS_IN_LEAP_YEAR * 2 || age == DAYS_IN_LEAP_YEAR * 3 || age == DAYS_IN_LEAP_YEAR * 4) {
		v->reliability_spd_dec <<= 1;
	}

	SetWindowDirty(WC_VEHICLE_DETAILS, v->index);

	/* Don't warn about non-primary or not ours vehicles or vehicles that are crashed */
	if (v->Previous() != NULL || v->owner != _local_company || (v->vehstatus & VS_CRASHED) != 0) return;

	/* Don't warn if a renew is active */
	if (Company::Get(v->owner)->settings.engine_renew && Engine::Get(v->engine_type)->company_avail != 0) return;

	StringID str;
	if (age == -DAYS_IN_LEAP_YEAR) {
		str = STR_NEWS_VEHICLE_IS_GETTING_OLD;
	} else if (age == 0) {
		str = STR_NEWS_VEHICLE_IS_GETTING_VERY_OLD;
	} else if (age > 0 && (age % DAYS_IN_LEAP_YEAR) == 0) {
		str = STR_NEWS_VEHICLE_IS_GETTING_VERY_OLD_AND;
	} else {
		return;
	}

	SetDParam(0, v->index);
	AddVehicleNewsItem(str, NS_ADVICE, v->index);
}

/**
 * Calculates how full a vehicle is.
 * @param v The Vehicle to check. For trains, use the first engine.
 * @param colour The string to show depending on if we are unloading or loading
 * @return A percentage of how full the Vehicle is.
 */
uint8 CalcPercentVehicleFilled(const Vehicle *v, StringID *colour)
{
	int count = 0;
	int max = 0;
	int cars = 0;
	int unloading = 0;
	bool loading = false;

	const Vehicle *u = v;
	/* The station may be NULL when the (colour) string does not need to be set. */
	const Station *st = Station::GetIfValid(v->last_station_visited);
	assert(colour == NULL || st != NULL);

	/* Count up max and used */
	for (; v != NULL; v = v->Next()) {
		count += v->cargo.Count();
		max += v->cargo_cap;
		if (v->cargo_cap != 0 && colour != NULL) {
			unloading += HasBit(v->vehicle_flags, VF_CARGO_UNLOADING) ? 1 : 0;
			loading |= !(u->current_order.GetLoadType() & OLFB_NO_LOAD) && st->goods[v->cargo_type].days_since_pickup != 255;
			cars++;
		}
	}

	if (colour != NULL) {
		if (unloading == 0 && loading) {
			*colour = STR_PERCENT_UP;
		} else if (cars == unloading || !loading) {
			*colour = STR_PERCENT_DOWN;
		} else {
			*colour = STR_PERCENT_UP_DOWN;
		}
	}

	/* Train without capacity */
	if (max == 0) return 100;

	/* Return the percentage */
	return (count * 100) / max;
}

void VehicleEnterDepot(Vehicle *v)
{
	/* Always work with the front of the vehicle */
	assert(v == v->First());

	switch (v->type) {
		case VEH_TRAIN: {
			Train *t = Train::From(v);
			SetWindowClassesDirty(WC_TRAINS_LIST);
			/* Clear path reservation */
			SetDepotReservation(t->tile, false);
			if (_settings_client.gui.show_track_reservation) MarkTileDirtyByTile(t->tile);

			UpdateSignalsOnSegment(t->tile, INVALID_DIAGDIR, t->owner);
			t->wait_counter = 0;
			t->force_proceed = TFP_NONE;
			ClrBit(t->flags, VRF_TOGGLE_REVERSE);
			t->ConsistChanged(true);
			break;
		}

		case VEH_ROAD:
			SetWindowClassesDirty(WC_ROADVEH_LIST);
			break;

		case VEH_SHIP: {
			SetWindowClassesDirty(WC_SHIPS_LIST);
			Ship *ship = Ship::From(v);
			ship->state = TRACK_BIT_DEPOT;
			ship->UpdateCache();
			ship->UpdateViewport(true, true);
			SetWindowDirty(WC_VEHICLE_DEPOT, v->tile);
			break;
		}

		case VEH_AIRCRAFT:
			SetWindowClassesDirty(WC_AIRCRAFT_LIST);
			HandleAircraftEnterHangar(Aircraft::From(v));
			break;
		default: NOT_REACHED();
	}
	SetWindowDirty(WC_VEHICLE_VIEW, v->index);

	if (v->type != VEH_TRAIN) {
		/* Trains update the vehicle list when the first unit enters the depot and calls VehicleEnterDepot() when the last unit enters.
		 * We only increase the number of vehicles when the first one enters, so we will not need to search for more vehicles in the depot */
		InvalidateWindowData(WC_VEHICLE_DEPOT, v->tile);
	}
	SetWindowDirty(WC_VEHICLE_DEPOT, v->tile);

	v->vehstatus |= VS_HIDDEN;
	v->cur_speed = 0;

	VehicleServiceInDepot(v);

	TriggerVehicle(v, VEHICLE_TRIGGER_DEPOT);

	if (v->current_order.IsType(OT_GOTO_DEPOT)) {
		SetWindowDirty(WC_VEHICLE_VIEW, v->index);

		const Order *real_order = v->GetOrder(v->cur_order_index);
		Order t = v->current_order;
		v->current_order.MakeDummy();

		/* Test whether we are heading for this depot. If not, do nothing.
		 * Note: The target depot for nearest-/manual-depot-orders is only updated on junctions, but we want to accept every depot. */
		if ((t.GetDepotOrderType() & ODTFB_PART_OF_ORDERS) &&
				real_order != NULL && !(real_order->GetDepotActionType() & ODATFB_NEAREST_DEPOT) &&
				(v->type == VEH_AIRCRAFT ? t.GetDestination() != GetStationIndex(v->tile) : v->dest_tile != v->tile)) {
			/* We are heading for another depot, keep driving. */
			return;
		}

		if (t.IsRefit()) {
			Backup<CompanyByte> cur_company(_current_company, v->owner, FILE_LINE);
			CommandCost cost = DoCommand(v->tile, v->index, t.GetRefitCargo() | t.GetRefitSubtype() << 8, DC_EXEC, GetCmdRefitVeh(v));
			cur_company.Restore();

			if (cost.Failed()) {
				_vehicles_to_autoreplace[v] = false;
				if (v->owner == _local_company) {
					/* Notify the user that we stopped the vehicle */
					SetDParam(0, v->index);
					AddVehicleNewsItem(STR_NEWS_ORDER_REFIT_FAILED, NS_ADVICE, v->index);
				}
			} else if (cost.GetCost() != 0) {
				v->profit_this_year -= cost.GetCost() << 8;
				if (v->owner == _local_company) {
					ShowCostOrIncomeAnimation(v->x_pos, v->y_pos, v->z_pos, cost.GetCost());
				}
			}
		}

		if (t.GetDepotOrderType() & ODTFB_PART_OF_ORDERS) {
			/* Part of orders */
			UpdateVehicleTimetable(v, true);
			v->IncrementOrderIndex();
		}
		if (t.GetDepotActionType() & ODATFB_HALT) {
			/* Vehicles are always stopped on entering depots. Do not restart this one. */
			_vehicles_to_autoreplace[v] = false;
			if (v->owner == _local_company) {
				SetDParam(0, v->index);
				AddVehicleNewsItem(STR_NEWS_TRAIN_IS_WAITING + v->type, NS_ADVICE, v->index);
			}
			AI::NewEvent(v->owner, new AIEventVehicleWaitingInDepot(v->index));
		}
	}
}


/**
 * Move a vehicle in the game state; that is moving its position in
 * the position hashes and marking its location in the viewport dirty
 * if requested.
 * @param v vehicle to move
 * @param update_viewport whether to dirty the viewport
 */
void VehicleMove(Vehicle *v, bool update_viewport)
{
	int img = v->cur_image;
	Point pt = RemapCoords(v->x_pos + v->x_offs, v->y_pos + v->y_offs, v->z_pos);
	const Sprite *spr = GetSprite(img, ST_NORMAL);

	pt.x += spr->x_offs;
	pt.y += spr->y_offs;

	UpdateVehiclePosHash(v, pt.x, pt.y);

	Rect old_coord = v->coord;
	v->coord.left   = pt.x;
	v->coord.top    = pt.y;
	v->coord.right  = pt.x + spr->width + 2;
	v->coord.bottom = pt.y + spr->height + 2;

	if (update_viewport) {
		MarkAllViewportsDirty(
			min(old_coord.left,   v->coord.left),
			min(old_coord.top,    v->coord.top),
			max(old_coord.right,  v->coord.right) + 1,
			max(old_coord.bottom, v->coord.bottom) + 1
		);
	}
}

/**
 * Marks viewports dirty where the vehicle's image is
 * In fact, it equals
 *   BeginVehicleMove(v); EndVehicleMove(v);
 * @param v vehicle to mark dirty
 * @see BeginVehicleMove()
 * @see EndVehicleMove()
 */
void MarkSingleVehicleDirty(const Vehicle *v)
{
	MarkAllViewportsDirty(v->coord.left, v->coord.top, v->coord.right + 1, v->coord.bottom + 1);
}

/**
 * Get position information of a vehicle when moving one pixel in the direction it is facing
 * @param v Vehicle to move
 * @return Position information after the move
 */
GetNewVehiclePosResult GetNewVehiclePos(const Vehicle *v)
{
	static const int8 _delta_coord[16] = {
		-1,-1,-1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, /* x */
		-1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0,-1,-1, /* y */
	};

	int x = v->x_pos + _delta_coord[v->direction];
	int y = v->y_pos + _delta_coord[v->direction + 8];

	GetNewVehiclePosResult gp;
	gp.x = x;
	gp.y = y;
	gp.old_tile = v->tile;
	gp.new_tile = TileVirtXY(x, y);
	return gp;
}

static const Direction _new_direction_table[] = {
	DIR_N,  DIR_NW, DIR_W,
	DIR_NE, DIR_SE, DIR_SW,
	DIR_E,  DIR_SE, DIR_S
};

Direction GetDirectionTowards(const Vehicle *v, int x, int y)
{
	int i = 0;

	if (y >= v->y_pos) {
		if (y != v->y_pos) i += 3;
		i += 3;
	}

	if (x >= v->x_pos) {
		if (x != v->x_pos) i++;
		i++;
	}

	Direction dir = v->direction;

	DirDiff dirdiff = DirDifference(_new_direction_table[i], dir);
	if (dirdiff == DIRDIFF_SAME) return dir;
	return ChangeDir(dir, dirdiff > DIRDIFF_REVERSE ? DIRDIFF_45LEFT : DIRDIFF_45RIGHT);
}

/**
 * Call the tile callback function for a vehicle entering a tile
 * @param v    Vehicle entering the tile
 * @param tile Tile entered
 * @param x    X position
 * @param y    Y position
 * @return Some meta-data over the to be entered tile.
 * @see VehicleEnterTileStatus to see what the bits in the return value mean.
 */
VehicleEnterTileStatus VehicleEnterTile(Vehicle *v, TileIndex tile, int x, int y)
{
	return _tile_type_procs[GetTileType(tile)]->vehicle_enter_tile_proc(v, tile, x, y);
}

FreeUnitIDGenerator::FreeUnitIDGenerator(VehicleType type, CompanyID owner) : cache(NULL), maxid(0), curid(0)
{
	/* Find maximum */
	const Vehicle *v;
	FOR_ALL_VEHICLES(v) {
		if (v->type == type && v->owner == owner) {
			this->maxid = max<UnitID>(this->maxid, v->unitnumber);
		}
	}

	if (this->maxid == 0) return;

	/* Reserving 'maxid + 2' because we need:
	 * - space for the last item (with v->unitnumber == maxid)
	 * - one free slot working as loop terminator in FreeUnitIDGenerator::NextID() */
	this->cache = CallocT<bool>(this->maxid + 2);

	/* Fill the cache */
	FOR_ALL_VEHICLES(v) {
		if (v->type == type && v->owner == owner) {
			this->cache[v->unitnumber] = true;
		}
	}
}

UnitID FreeUnitIDGenerator::NextID()
{
	if (this->maxid <= this->curid) return ++this->curid;

	while (this->cache[++this->curid]) { } // it will stop, we reserved more space than needed

	return this->curid;
}

/**
 * Get an unused unit number for a vehicle (if allowed).
 * @param type Type of vehicle
 * @return A unused unit number for the given type of vehicle if it is allowed to build one, else \c UINT16_MAX.
 */
UnitID GetFreeUnitNumber(VehicleType type)
{
	/* Check whether it is allowed to build another vehicle. */
	uint max_veh;
	switch (type) {
		case VEH_TRAIN:    max_veh = _settings_game.vehicle.max_trains;   break;
		case VEH_ROAD:     max_veh = _settings_game.vehicle.max_roadveh;  break;
		case VEH_SHIP:     max_veh = _settings_game.vehicle.max_ships;    break;
		case VEH_AIRCRAFT: max_veh = _settings_game.vehicle.max_aircraft; break;
		default: NOT_REACHED();
	}

	uint amounts[4];
	CountCompanyVehicles(_current_company, amounts);
	assert((uint)type < lengthof(amounts));
	if (amounts[type] >= max_veh) return UINT16_MAX; // Currently already at the limit, no room to make a new one.

	FreeUnitIDGenerator gen(type, _current_company);

	return gen.NextID();
}


/**
 * Check whether we can build infrastructure for the given
 * vehicle type. This to disable building stations etc. when
 * you are not allowed/able to have the vehicle type yet.
 * @param type the vehicle type to check this for
 * @return true if there is any reason why you may build
 *         the infrastructure for the given vehicle type
 */
bool CanBuildVehicleInfrastructure(VehicleType type)
{
	assert(IsCompanyBuildableVehicleType(type));

	if (!Company::IsValidID(_local_company)) return false;
	if (_settings_client.gui.always_build_infrastructure) return true;

	UnitID max;
	switch (type) {
		case VEH_TRAIN:    max = _settings_game.vehicle.max_trains; break;
		case VEH_ROAD:     max = _settings_game.vehicle.max_roadveh; break;
		case VEH_SHIP:     max = _settings_game.vehicle.max_ships; break;
		case VEH_AIRCRAFT: max = _settings_game.vehicle.max_aircraft; break;
		default: NOT_REACHED();
	}

	/* We can build vehicle infrastructure when we may build the vehicle type */
	if (max > 0) {
		/* Can we actually build the vehicle type? */
		const Engine *e;
		FOR_ALL_ENGINES_OF_TYPE(e, type) {
			if (HasBit(e->company_avail, _local_company)) return true;
		}
		return false;
	}

	/* We should be able to build infrastructure when we have the actual vehicle type */
	const Vehicle *v;
	FOR_ALL_VEHICLES(v) {
		if (v->owner == _local_company && v->type == type) return true;
	}

	return false;
}


/**
 * Determines the #LiveryScheme for a vehicle.
 * @param engine_type EngineID of the vehicle
 * @param parent_engine_type EngineID of the front vehicle. INVALID_VEHICLE if vehicle is at front itself.
 * @param v the vehicle. NULL if in purchase list etc.
 * @return livery scheme to use
 */
LiveryScheme GetEngineLiveryScheme(EngineID engine_type, EngineID parent_engine_type, const Vehicle *v)
{
	CargoID cargo_type = v == NULL ? (CargoID)CT_INVALID : v->cargo_type;
	const Engine *e = Engine::Get(engine_type);
	switch (e->type) {
		default: NOT_REACHED();
		case VEH_TRAIN:
			if (v != NULL && parent_engine_type != INVALID_ENGINE && (UsesWagonOverride(v) || (Train::From(v)->IsArticulatedPart() && e->u.rail.railveh_type != RAILVEH_WAGON))) {
				/* Wagonoverrides use the colour scheme of the front engine.
				 * Articulated parts use the colour scheme of the first part. (Not supported for articulated wagons) */
				engine_type = parent_engine_type;
				e = Engine::Get(engine_type);
				/* Note: Luckily cargo_type is not needed for engines */
			}

			if (cargo_type == CT_INVALID) cargo_type = e->GetDefaultCargoType();
			if (cargo_type == CT_INVALID) cargo_type = CT_GOODS; // The vehicle does not carry anything, let's pick some freight cargo
			if (e->u.rail.railveh_type == RAILVEH_WAGON) {
				if (!CargoSpec::Get(cargo_type)->is_freight) {
					if (parent_engine_type == INVALID_ENGINE) {
						return LS_PASSENGER_WAGON_STEAM;
					} else {
						switch (RailVehInfo(parent_engine_type)->engclass) {
							default: NOT_REACHED();
							case EC_STEAM:    return LS_PASSENGER_WAGON_STEAM;
							case EC_DIESEL:   return LS_PASSENGER_WAGON_DIESEL;
							case EC_ELECTRIC: return LS_PASSENGER_WAGON_ELECTRIC;
							case EC_MONORAIL: return LS_PASSENGER_WAGON_MONORAIL;
							case EC_MAGLEV:   return LS_PASSENGER_WAGON_MAGLEV;
						}
					}
				} else {
					return LS_FREIGHT_WAGON;
				}
			} else {
				bool is_mu = HasBit(e->info.misc_flags, EF_RAIL_IS_MU);

				switch (e->u.rail.engclass) {
					default: NOT_REACHED();
					case EC_STEAM:    return LS_STEAM;
					case EC_DIESEL:   return is_mu ? LS_DMU : LS_DIESEL;
					case EC_ELECTRIC: return is_mu ? LS_EMU : LS_ELECTRIC;
					case EC_MONORAIL: return LS_MONORAIL;
					case EC_MAGLEV:   return LS_MAGLEV;
				}
			}

		case VEH_ROAD:
			/* Always use the livery of the front */
			if (v != NULL && parent_engine_type != INVALID_ENGINE) {
				engine_type = parent_engine_type;
				e = Engine::Get(engine_type);
				cargo_type = v->First()->cargo_type;
			}
			if (cargo_type == CT_INVALID) cargo_type = e->GetDefaultCargoType();
			if (cargo_type == CT_INVALID) cargo_type = CT_GOODS; // The vehicle does not carry anything, let's pick some freight cargo

			/* Important: Use Tram Flag of front part. Luckily engine_type refers to the front part here. */
			if (HasBit(e->info.misc_flags, EF_ROAD_TRAM)) {
				/* Tram */
				return IsCargoInClass(cargo_type, CC_PASSENGERS) ? LS_PASSENGER_TRAM : LS_FREIGHT_TRAM;
			} else {
				/* Bus or truck */
				return IsCargoInClass(cargo_type, CC_PASSENGERS) ? LS_BUS : LS_TRUCK;
			}

		case VEH_SHIP:
			if (cargo_type == CT_INVALID) cargo_type = e->GetDefaultCargoType();
			if (cargo_type == CT_INVALID) cargo_type = CT_GOODS; // The vehicle does not carry anything, let's pick some freight cargo
			return IsCargoInClass(cargo_type, CC_PASSENGERS) ? LS_PASSENGER_SHIP : LS_FREIGHT_SHIP;

		case VEH_AIRCRAFT:
			switch (e->u.air.subtype) {
				case AIR_HELI: return LS_HELICOPTER;
				case AIR_CTOL: return LS_SMALL_PLANE;
				case AIR_CTOL | AIR_FAST: return LS_LARGE_PLANE;
				default: NOT_REACHED();
			}
	}
}

/**
 * Determines the livery for a vehicle.
 * @param engine_type EngineID of the vehicle
 * @param company Owner of the vehicle
 * @param parent_engine_type EngineID of the front vehicle. INVALID_VEHICLE if vehicle is at front itself.
 * @param v the vehicle. NULL if in purchase list etc.
 * @param livery_setting The livery settings to use for acquiring the livery information.
 * @return livery to use
 */
const Livery *GetEngineLivery(EngineID engine_type, CompanyID company, EngineID parent_engine_type, const Vehicle *v, byte livery_setting)
{
	const Company *c = Company::Get(company);
	LiveryScheme scheme = LS_DEFAULT;

	/* The default livery is always available for use, but its in_use flag determines
	 * whether any _other_ liveries are in use. */
	if (c->livery[LS_DEFAULT].in_use && (livery_setting == LIT_ALL || (livery_setting == LIT_COMPANY && company == _local_company))) {
		/* Determine the livery scheme to use */
		scheme = GetEngineLiveryScheme(engine_type, parent_engine_type, v);

		/* Switch back to the default scheme if the resolved scheme is not in use */
		if (!c->livery[scheme].in_use) scheme = LS_DEFAULT;
	}

	return &c->livery[scheme];
}


static PaletteID GetEngineColourMap(EngineID engine_type, CompanyID company, EngineID parent_engine_type, const Vehicle *v)
{
	PaletteID map = (v != NULL) ? v->colourmap : PAL_NONE;

	/* Return cached value if any */
	if (map != PAL_NONE) return map;

	const Engine *e = Engine::Get(engine_type);

	/* Check if we should use the colour map callback */
	if (HasBit(e->info.callback_mask, CBM_VEHICLE_COLOUR_REMAP)) {
		uint16 callback = GetVehicleCallback(CBID_VEHICLE_COLOUR_MAPPING, 0, 0, engine_type, v);
		/* Failure means "use the default two-colour" */
		if (callback != CALLBACK_FAILED) {
			assert_compile(PAL_NONE == 0); // Returning 0x4000 (resp. 0xC000) conincidences with default value (PAL_NONE)
			map = GB(callback, 0, 14);
			/* If bit 14 is set, then the company colours are applied to the
			 * map else it's returned as-is. */
			if (!HasBit(callback, 14)) {
				/* Update cache */
				if (v != NULL) const_cast<Vehicle *>(v)->colourmap = map;
				return map;
			}
		}
	}

	bool twocc = HasBit(e->info.misc_flags, EF_USES_2CC);

	if (map == PAL_NONE) map = twocc ? (PaletteID)SPR_2CCMAP_BASE : (PaletteID)PALETTE_RECOLOUR_START;

	/* Spectator has news shown too, but has invalid company ID - as well as dedicated server */
	if (!Company::IsValidID(company)) return map;

	const Livery *livery = GetEngineLivery(engine_type, company, parent_engine_type, v, _settings_client.gui.liveries);

	map += livery->colour1;
	if (twocc) map += livery->colour2 * 16;

	/* Update cache */
	if (v != NULL) const_cast<Vehicle *>(v)->colourmap = map;
	return map;
}

PaletteID GetEnginePalette(EngineID engine_type, CompanyID company)
{
	return GetEngineColourMap(engine_type, company, INVALID_ENGINE, NULL);
}

PaletteID GetVehiclePalette(const Vehicle *v)
{
	if (v->type == VEH_TRAIN) {
		return GetEngineColourMap(v->engine_type, v->owner, Train::From(v)->tcache.first_engine, v);
	} else if (v->type == VEH_ROAD) {
		return GetEngineColourMap(v->engine_type, v->owner, RoadVehicle::From(v)->rcache.first_engine, v);
	}

	return GetEngineColourMap(v->engine_type, v->owner, INVALID_ENGINE, v);
}

/**
 * Determines capacity of a given vehicle from scratch.
 * For aircraft the main capacity is determined. Mail might be present as well.
 * @note Keep this function consistent with Engine::GetDisplayDefaultCapacity().
 * @param v Vehicle of interest
 * @param mail_capacity returns secondary cargo (mail) capacity of aircraft
 * @return Capacity
 */
uint GetVehicleCapacity(const Vehicle *v, uint16 *mail_capacity)
{
	if (mail_capacity != NULL) *mail_capacity = 0;
	const Engine *e = Engine::Get(v->engine_type);

	if (!e->CanCarryCargo()) return 0;

	if (mail_capacity != NULL && e->type == VEH_AIRCRAFT && IsCargoInClass(v->cargo_type, CC_PASSENGERS)) {
		*mail_capacity = GetVehicleProperty(v, PROP_AIRCRAFT_MAIL_CAPACITY, e->u.air.mail_capacity);
	}
	CargoID default_cargo = e->GetDefaultCargoType();

	/* Check the refit capacity callback if we are not in the default configuration.
	 * Note: This might change to become more consistent/flexible/sane, esp. when default cargo is first refittable. */
	if (HasBit(e->info.callback_mask, CBM_VEHICLE_REFIT_CAPACITY) &&
			(default_cargo != v->cargo_type || v->cargo_subtype != 0)) {
		uint16 callback = GetVehicleCallback(CBID_VEHICLE_REFIT_CAPACITY, 0, 0, v->engine_type, v);
		if (callback != CALLBACK_FAILED) return callback;
	}

	/* Get capacity according to property resp. CB */
	uint capacity;
	switch (e->type) {
		case VEH_TRAIN:    capacity = GetVehicleProperty(v, PROP_TRAIN_CARGO_CAPACITY,        e->u.rail.capacity); break;
		case VEH_ROAD:     capacity = GetVehicleProperty(v, PROP_ROADVEH_CARGO_CAPACITY,      e->u.road.capacity); break;
		case VEH_SHIP:     capacity = GetVehicleProperty(v, PROP_SHIP_CARGO_CAPACITY,         e->u.ship.capacity); break;
		case VEH_AIRCRAFT: capacity = GetVehicleProperty(v, PROP_AIRCRAFT_PASSENGER_CAPACITY, e->u.air.passenger_capacity); break;
		default: NOT_REACHED();
	}

	/* Apply multipliers depending on cargo- and vehicletype.
	 * Note: This might change to become more consistent/flexible. */
	if (e->type != VEH_SHIP) {
		if (e->type == VEH_AIRCRAFT) {
			if (!IsCargoInClass(v->cargo_type, CC_PASSENGERS)) {
				capacity += GetVehicleProperty(v, PROP_AIRCRAFT_MAIL_CAPACITY, e->u.air.mail_capacity);
			}
			if (v->cargo_type == CT_MAIL) return capacity;
		} else {
			switch (default_cargo) {
				case CT_PASSENGERS: break;
				case CT_MAIL:
				case CT_GOODS: capacity *= 2; break;
				default:       capacity *= 4; break;
			}
		}
		switch (v->cargo_type) {
			case CT_PASSENGERS: break;
			case CT_MAIL:
			case CT_GOODS: capacity /= 2; break;
			default:       capacity /= 4; break;
		}
	}

	return capacity;
}


void Vehicle::BeginLoading()
{
	assert(IsTileType(tile, MP_STATION) || type == VEH_SHIP);

	if (this->current_order.IsType(OT_GOTO_STATION) &&
			this->current_order.GetDestination() == this->last_station_visited) {
		current_order.MakeLoading(true);
		UpdateVehicleTimetable(this, true);

		/* Furthermore add the Non Stop flag to mark that this station
		 * is the actual destination of the vehicle, which is (for example)
		 * necessary to be known for HandleTrainLoading to determine
		 * whether the train is lost or not; not marking a train lost
		 * that arrives at random stations is bad. */
		this->current_order.SetNonStopType(ONSF_NO_STOP_AT_ANY_STATION);

	} else {
		current_order.MakeLoading(false);
	}

	Station::Get(this->last_station_visited)->loading_vehicles.push_back(this);

	PrepareUnload(this);

	SetWindowDirty(GetWindowClassForVehicleType(this->type), this->owner);
	SetWindowWidgetDirty(WC_VEHICLE_VIEW, this->index, VVW_WIDGET_START_STOP_VEH);
	SetWindowDirty(WC_VEHICLE_DETAILS, this->index);
	SetWindowDirty(WC_STATION_VIEW, this->last_station_visited);

	Station::Get(this->last_station_visited)->MarkTilesDirty(true);
	this->cur_speed = 0;
	this->MarkDirty();
}

void Vehicle::LeaveStation()
{
	assert(current_order.IsType(OT_LOADING));

	delete this->cargo_payment;

	/* Only update the timetable if the vehicle was supposed to stop here. */
	if (current_order.GetNonStopType() != ONSF_STOP_EVERYWHERE) UpdateVehicleTimetable(this, false);

	current_order.MakeLeaveStation();
	Station *st = Station::Get(this->last_station_visited);
	st->loading_vehicles.remove(this);

	HideFillingPercent(&this->fill_percent_te_id);

	if (this->type == VEH_TRAIN && !(this->vehstatus & VS_CRASHED)) {
		/* Trigger station animation (trains only) */
		if (IsTileType(this->tile, MP_STATION)) TriggerStationAnimation(st, this->tile, SAT_TRAIN_DEPARTS);

		SetBit(Train::From(this)->flags, VRF_LEAVING_STATION);
	}
}


void Vehicle::HandleLoading(bool mode)
{
	switch (this->current_order.GetType()) {
		case OT_LOADING: {
			uint wait_time = max(this->current_order.wait_time - this->lateness_counter, 0);

			/* Not the first call for this tick, or still loading */
			if (mode || !HasBit(this->vehicle_flags, VF_LOADING_FINISHED) ||
					(_settings_game.order.timetabling && this->current_order_time < wait_time)) return;

			this->PlayLeaveStationSound();

			bool at_destination_station = this->current_order.GetNonStopType() != ONSF_STOP_EVERYWHERE;
			this->LeaveStation();

			/* If this was not the final order, don't remove it from the list. */
			if (!at_destination_station) return;
			break;
		}

		case OT_DUMMY: break;

		default: return;
	}

	this->IncrementOrderIndex();
}

CommandCost Vehicle::SendToDepot(DoCommandFlag flags, DepotCommand command)
{
	CommandCost ret = CheckOwnership(this->owner);
	if (ret.Failed()) return ret;

	if (this->vehstatus & VS_CRASHED) return CMD_ERROR;
	if (this->IsStoppedInDepot()) return CMD_ERROR;

	if (this->current_order.IsType(OT_GOTO_DEPOT)) {
		bool halt_in_depot = (this->current_order.GetDepotActionType() & ODATFB_HALT) != 0;
		if (!!(command & DEPOT_SERVICE) == halt_in_depot) {
			/* We called with a different DEPOT_SERVICE setting.
			 * Now we change the setting to apply the new one and let the vehicle head for the same depot.
			 * Note: the if is (true for requesting service == true for ordered to stop in depot)          */
			if (flags & DC_EXEC) {
				this->current_order.SetDepotOrderType(ODTF_MANUAL);
				this->current_order.SetDepotActionType(halt_in_depot ? ODATF_SERVICE_ONLY : ODATFB_HALT);
				SetWindowWidgetDirty(WC_VEHICLE_VIEW, this->index, VVW_WIDGET_START_STOP_VEH);
			}
			return CommandCost();
		}

		if (command & DEPOT_DONT_CANCEL) return CMD_ERROR; // Requested no cancelation of depot orders
		if (flags & DC_EXEC) {
			/* If the orders to 'goto depot' are in the orders list (forced servicing),
			 * then skip to the next order; effectively cancelling this forced service */
			if (this->current_order.GetDepotOrderType() & ODTFB_PART_OF_ORDERS) this->IncrementOrderIndex();

			this->current_order.MakeDummy();
			SetWindowWidgetDirty(WC_VEHICLE_VIEW, this->index, VVW_WIDGET_START_STOP_VEH);
		}
		return CommandCost();
	}

	TileIndex location;
	DestinationID destination;
	bool reverse;
	static const StringID no_depot[] = {STR_ERROR_UNABLE_TO_FIND_ROUTE_TO, STR_ERROR_UNABLE_TO_FIND_LOCAL_DEPOT, STR_ERROR_UNABLE_TO_FIND_LOCAL_DEPOT, STR_ERROR_CAN_T_SEND_AIRCRAFT_TO_HANGAR};
	if (!this->FindClosestDepot(&location, &destination, &reverse)) return_cmd_error(no_depot[this->type]);

	if (flags & DC_EXEC) {
		if (this->current_order.IsType(OT_LOADING)) this->LeaveStation();

		this->dest_tile = location;
		this->current_order.MakeGoToDepot(destination, ODTF_MANUAL);
		if (!(command & DEPOT_SERVICE)) this->current_order.SetDepotActionType(ODATFB_HALT);
		SetWindowWidgetDirty(WC_VEHICLE_VIEW, this->index, VVW_WIDGET_START_STOP_VEH);

		/* If there is no depot in front, reverse automatically (trains only) */
		if (this->type == VEH_TRAIN && reverse) DoCommand(this->tile, this->index, 0, DC_EXEC, CMD_REVERSE_TRAIN_DIRECTION);

		if (this->type == VEH_AIRCRAFT) {
			Aircraft *a = Aircraft::From(this);
			if (a->state == FLYING && a->targetairport != destination) {
				/* The aircraft is now heading for a different hangar than the next in the orders */
				extern void AircraftNextAirportPos_and_Order(Aircraft *a);
				AircraftNextAirportPos_and_Order(a);
			}
		}
	}

	return CommandCost();

}

void Vehicle::UpdateVisualEffect(bool allow_power_change)
{
	bool powered_before = HasBit(this->vcache.cached_vis_effect, VE_DISABLE_WAGON_POWER);
	this->vcache.cached_vis_effect = 0;

	const Engine *e = Engine::Get(this->engine_type);
	byte default_effect = VE_DEFAULT;
	switch (this->type) {
		case VEH_TRAIN:    default_effect = e->u.rail.visual_effect; break;
		case VEH_ROAD:     default_effect = e->u.road.visual_effect; break;
		case VEH_SHIP:     default_effect = e->u.ship.visual_effect; break;
		default: break;
	}
	if (default_effect == VE_DEFAULT) {
		if (this->type == VEH_TRAIN && !(Train::From(this)->IsWagon() || Train::From(this)->IsArticulatedPart())) {
			if (e->u.rail.engclass == 0) {
				/* Steam is offset by -4 units */
				SB(this->vcache.cached_vis_effect, VE_OFFSET_START, VE_OFFSET_COUNT, VE_OFFSET_CENTRE - 4);
			} else {
				/* Diesel fumes and sparks come from the centre */
				SB(this->vcache.cached_vis_effect, VE_OFFSET_START, VE_OFFSET_COUNT, VE_OFFSET_CENTRE);
			}
		} else {
			/* Non-train engines do not have a visual effect by default. */
			SetBit(this->vcache.cached_vis_effect, VE_DISABLE_EFFECT);
		}
	} else {
		this->vcache.cached_vis_effect = default_effect;
	}

	/* Check powered wagon / visual effect callback */
	if (HasBit(e->info.callback_mask, CBM_VEHICLE_VISUAL_EFFECT)) {
		uint16 callback = GetVehicleCallback(CBID_VEHICLE_VISUAL_EFFECT, 0, 0, this->engine_type, this);

		if (callback != CALLBACK_FAILED) this->vcache.cached_vis_effect = GB(callback, 0, 8);
	}

	if (!allow_power_change && powered_before != HasBit(this->vcache.cached_vis_effect, VE_DISABLE_WAGON_POWER)) {
		ToggleBit(this->vcache.cached_vis_effect, VE_DISABLE_WAGON_POWER);
		ShowNewGrfVehicleError(this->engine_type, STR_NEWGRF_BROKEN, STR_NEWGRF_BROKEN_POWERED_WAGON, GBUG_VEH_POWERED_WAGON, false);
	}
}

static const int8 _vehicle_smoke_pos[8] = {
	1, 1, 1, 0, -1, -1, -1, 0
};

void Vehicle::ShowVisualEffect() const
{
	assert(this->IsPrimaryVehicle());
	bool sound = false;

	/* Do not show any smoke when:
	 * - vehicle smoke is disabled by the player
	 * - the vehicle is slowing down or stopped (by the player)
	 * - the vehicle is moving very slowly
	 */
	if (_settings_game.vehicle.smoke_amount == 0 ||
			this->vehstatus & (VS_TRAIN_SLOWING | VS_STOPPED) ||
			this->cur_speed < 2) {
		return;
	}
	if (this->type == VEH_TRAIN) {
		const Train *t = Train::From(this);
		/* For trains, do not show any smoke when:
		 * - the train is reversing
		 * - is entering a station with an order to stop there and its speed is equal to maximum station entering speed
		 */
		if (HasBit(t->flags, VRF_REVERSING) ||
				(IsRailStationTile(t->tile) && t->IsFrontEngine() && t->current_order.ShouldStopAtStation(t, GetStationIndex(t->tile)) &&
				t->cur_speed >= t->Train::GetCurrentMaxSpeed())) {
			return;
		}
	}

	const Vehicle *v = this;

	do {
		int effect_offset = GB(v->vcache.cached_vis_effect, VE_OFFSET_START, VE_OFFSET_COUNT) - VE_OFFSET_CENTRE;
		byte effect_type = GB(v->vcache.cached_vis_effect, VE_TYPE_START, VE_TYPE_COUNT);
		bool disable_effect = HasBit(v->vcache.cached_vis_effect, VE_DISABLE_EFFECT);

		/* Show no smoke when:
		 * - Smoke has been disabled for this vehicle
		 * - The vehicle is not visible
		 * - The vehicle is on a depot tile
		 * - The vehicle is on a tunnel tile
		 * - The vehicle is a train engine that is currently unpowered */
		if (disable_effect ||
				v->vehstatus & VS_HIDDEN ||
				IsDepotTile(v->tile) ||
				IsTunnelTile(v->tile) ||
				(v->type == VEH_TRAIN &&
				!HasPowerOnRail(Train::From(v)->railtype, GetTileRailType(v->tile)))) {
			continue;
		}

		if (effect_type == VE_TYPE_DEFAULT) {
			if (v->type == VEH_TRAIN) {
				/* Use default effect type for engine class. */
				effect_type = RailVehInfo(v->engine_type)->engclass + 1;
			} else {
				/* No default effect exists, so continue */
				continue;
			}
		}

		int x = _vehicle_smoke_pos[v->direction] * effect_offset;
		int y = _vehicle_smoke_pos[(v->direction + 2) % 8] * effect_offset;

		if (v->type == VEH_TRAIN && HasBit(Train::From(v)->flags, VRF_REVERSE_DIRECTION)) {
			x = -x;
			y = -y;
		}

		switch (effect_type) {
			case VE_TYPE_STEAM:
				/* Steam smoke - amount is gradually falling until vehicle reaches its maximum speed, after that it's normal.
				 * Details: while vehicle's current speed is gradually increasing, steam plumes' density decreases by one third each
				 * third of its maximum speed spectrum. Steam emission finally normalises at very close to vehicle's maximum speed.
				 * REGULATION:
				 * - instead of 1, 4 / 2^smoke_amount (max. 2) is used to provide sufficient regulation to steam puffs' amount. */
				if (GB(v->tick_counter, 0, ((4 >> _settings_game.vehicle.smoke_amount) + ((this->cur_speed * 3) / this->vcache.cached_max_speed))) == 0) {
					CreateEffectVehicleRel(v, x, y, 10, EV_STEAM_SMOKE);
					sound = true;
				}
				break;

			case VE_TYPE_DIESEL: {
				/* Diesel smoke - thicker when vehicle is starting, gradually subsiding till it reaches its maximum speed
				 * when smoke emission stops.
				 * Details: Vehicle's (max.) speed spectrum is divided into 32 parts. When max. speed is reached, chance for smoke
				 * emission erodes by 32 (1/4). For trains, power and weight come in handy too to either increase smoke emission in
				 * 6 steps (1000HP each) if the power is low or decrease smoke emission in 6 steps (512 tonnes each) if the train
				 * isn't overweight. Power and weight contributions are expressed in a way that neither extreme power, nor
				 * extreme weight can ruin the balance (e.g. FreightWagonMultiplier) in the formula. When the vehicle reaches
				 * maximum speed no diesel_smoke is emitted.
				 * REGULATION:
				 * - up to which speed a diesel vehicle is emitting smoke (with reduced/small setting only until 1/2 of max_speed),
				 * - in Chance16 - the last value is 512 / 2^smoke_amount (max. smoke when 128 = smoke_amount of 2). */
				int power_weight_effect = 0;
				if (v->type == VEH_TRAIN) {
					power_weight_effect = (32 >> (Train::From(this)->acc_cache.cached_power >> 10)) - (32 >> (Train::From(this)->acc_cache.cached_weight >> 9));
				}
				if (this->cur_speed < (this->vcache.cached_max_speed >> (2 >> _settings_game.vehicle.smoke_amount)) &&
						Chance16((64 - ((this->cur_speed << 5) / this->vcache.cached_max_speed) + power_weight_effect), (512 >> _settings_game.vehicle.smoke_amount))) {
					CreateEffectVehicleRel(v, x, y, 10, EV_DIESEL_SMOKE);
					sound = true;
				}
				break;
			}

			case VE_TYPE_ELECTRIC:
				/* Electric train's spark - more often occurs when train is departing (more load)
				 * Details: Electric locomotives are usually at least twice as powerful as their diesel counterparts, so spark
				 * emissions are kept simple. Only when starting, creating huge force are sparks more likely to happen, but when
				 * reaching its max. speed, quarter by quarter of it, chance decreases untill the usuall 2,22% at train's top speed.
				 * REGULATION:
				 * - in Chance16 the last value is 360 / 2^smoke_amount (max. sparks when 90 = smoke_amount of 2). */
				if (GB(v->tick_counter, 0, 2) == 0 &&
						Chance16((6 - ((this->cur_speed << 2) / this->vcache.cached_max_speed)), (360 >> _settings_game.vehicle.smoke_amount))) {
					CreateEffectVehicleRel(v, x, y, 10, EV_ELECTRIC_SPARK);
					sound = true;
				}
				break;

			default:
				break;
		}
	} while ((v = v->Next()) != NULL);

	if (sound) PlayVehicleSound(this, VSE_VISUAL_EFFECT);
}

void Vehicle::SetNext(Vehicle *next)
{
	assert(this != next);

	if (this->next != NULL) {
		/* We had an old next vehicle. Update the first and previous pointers */
		for (Vehicle *v = this->next; v != NULL; v = v->Next()) {
			v->first = this->next;
		}
		this->next->previous = NULL;
	}

	this->next = next;

	if (this->next != NULL) {
		/* A new next vehicle. Update the first and previous pointers */
		if (this->next->previous != NULL) this->next->previous->next = NULL;
		this->next->previous = this;
		for (Vehicle *v = this->next; v != NULL; v = v->Next()) {
			v->first = this->first;
		}
	}
}

void Vehicle::AddToShared(Vehicle *shared_chain)
{
	assert(this->previous_shared == NULL && this->next_shared == NULL);

	if (!shared_chain->orders.list) {
		assert(shared_chain->previous_shared == NULL);
		assert(shared_chain->next_shared == NULL);
		this->orders.list = shared_chain->orders.list = new OrderList(NULL, shared_chain);
	}

	this->next_shared     = shared_chain->next_shared;
	this->previous_shared = shared_chain;

	shared_chain->next_shared = this;

	if (this->next_shared != NULL) this->next_shared->previous_shared = this;

	shared_chain->orders.list->AddVehicle(this);
}

void Vehicle::RemoveFromShared()
{
	/* Remember if we were first and the old window number before RemoveVehicle()
	 * as this changes first if needed. */
	bool were_first = (this->FirstShared() == this);
	VehicleListIdentifier vli(VL_SHARED_ORDERS, this->type, this->owner, this->FirstShared()->index);

	this->orders.list->RemoveVehicle(this);

	if (!were_first) {
		/* We are not the first shared one, so only relink our previous one. */
		this->previous_shared->next_shared = this->NextShared();
	}

	if (this->next_shared != NULL) this->next_shared->previous_shared = this->previous_shared;


	if (this->orders.list->GetNumVehicles() == 1) {
		/* When there is only one vehicle, remove the shared order list window. */
		DeleteWindowById(GetWindowClassForVehicleType(this->type), vli.Pack());
		InvalidateVehicleOrder(this->FirstShared(), 0);
	} else if (were_first) {
		/* If we were the first one, update to the new first one.
		 * Note: FirstShared() is already the new first */
		InvalidateWindowData(GetWindowClassForVehicleType(this->type), vli.Pack(), this->FirstShared()->index | (1U << 31));
	}

	this->next_shared     = NULL;
	this->previous_shared = NULL;
}

void StopAllVehicles()
{
	Vehicle *v;
	FOR_ALL_VEHICLES(v) {
		/* Code ripped from CmdStartStopTrain. Can't call it, because of
		 * ownership problems, so we'll duplicate some code, for now */
		v->vehstatus |= VS_STOPPED;
		v->MarkDirty();
		SetWindowWidgetDirty(WC_VEHICLE_VIEW, v->index, VVW_WIDGET_START_STOP_VEH);
		SetWindowDirty(WC_VEHICLE_DEPOT, v->tile);
	}
}

void VehiclesYearlyLoop()
{
	Vehicle *v;
	FOR_ALL_VEHICLES(v) {
		if (v->IsPrimaryVehicle()) {
			/* show warning if vehicle is not generating enough income last 2 years (corresponds to a red icon in the vehicle list) */
			Money profit = v->GetDisplayProfitThisYear();
			if (v->age >= 730 && profit < 0) {
				if (_settings_client.gui.vehicle_income_warn && v->owner == _local_company) {
					SetDParam(0, v->index);
					SetDParam(1, profit);
					AddVehicleNewsItem(
						STR_NEWS_VEHICLE_IS_UNPROFITABLE,
						NS_ADVICE,
						v->index
					);
				}
				AI::NewEvent(v->owner, new AIEventVehicleUnprofitable(v->index));
			}

			v->profit_last_year = v->profit_this_year;
			v->profit_this_year = 0;
			SetWindowDirty(WC_VEHICLE_DETAILS, v->index);
		}
	}
}


/**
 * Can this station be used by the given engine type?
 * @param engine_type the type of vehicles to test
 * @param st the station to test for
 * @return true if and only if the vehicle of the type can use this station.
 * @note For road vehicles the Vehicle is needed to determine whether it can
 *       use the station. This function will return true for road vehicles
 *       when at least one of the facilities is available.
 */
bool CanVehicleUseStation(EngineID engine_type, const Station *st)
{
	const Engine *e = Engine::GetIfValid(engine_type);
	assert(e != NULL);

	switch (e->type) {
		case VEH_TRAIN:
			return (st->facilities & FACIL_TRAIN) != 0;

		case VEH_ROAD:
			/* For road vehicles we need the vehicle to know whether it can actually
			 * use the station, but if it doesn't have facilities for RVs it is
			 * certainly not possible that the station can be used. */
			return (st->facilities & (FACIL_BUS_STOP | FACIL_TRUCK_STOP)) != 0;

		case VEH_SHIP:
			return (st->facilities & FACIL_DOCK) != 0;

		case VEH_AIRCRAFT:
			return (st->facilities & FACIL_AIRPORT) != 0 &&
					(st->airport.GetFTA()->flags & (e->u.air.subtype & AIR_CTOL ? AirportFTAClass::AIRPLANES : AirportFTAClass::HELICOPTERS)) != 0;

		default:
			return false;
	}
}

/**
 * Can this station be used by the given vehicle?
 * @param v the vehicle to test
 * @param st the station to test for
 * @return true if and only if the vehicle can use this station.
 */
bool CanVehicleUseStation(const Vehicle *v, const Station *st)
{
	if (v->type == VEH_ROAD) return st->GetPrimaryRoadStop(RoadVehicle::From(v)) != NULL;

	return CanVehicleUseStation(v->engine_type, st);
}